To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) responses of self-identified African American and white participants in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study to therapeutic trials of topical, nonselective ␤-adrenergic antagonists or prostaglandin analogues.Methods: Multivariate models that adjusted for baseline IOP and corneal thickness were used to estimate IOP response by race. Participants included 536 who were prescribed topical ␤-adrenergic antagonists and 191 who were prescribed prostaglandin analogues, 25% of whom were African American.Main Outcome Measure: Intraocular pressure response in the ipsilateral eye after 4 to 6 weeks of a therapeutic trial.Results: Intraocular pressure response to nonselective ␤-adrenergic antagonists did not differ between African American and white participants. Intraocular pressure response to prostaglandin analogues was slightly greater in African American participants, but this difference was not statistically significant. With both classes of medication, greater IOP reduction was associated with higher baseline IOP and thinner central corneal measurement. Conclusions:We found no statistically significant differences in IOP response to topical, nonselective ␤-adrenergic antagonists or prostaglandin analogues between self-identified African American and white individuals. Application to Clinical Practice: Studies of IOP response to medication should statistically adjust for baseline IOP and central corneal thickness. Clinicians should consider factors other than ethnicity when choosing an ocular hypotensive medication for a patient.

This study tested the hypothesis that scaling environmental objects can afford differently sized individuals the opportunity to make similarly effective movements with that object. Four similar tennis rackets were scaled to provide consistent differences in length, weight, and grip size. Children between 4 and 10 years of age were asked to strike with each racket for speed and accuracy. A significant relationship existed between body size and strength and the ability to both generate racket head speed and control the racket for an accurate strike; racket size and weight, however, were not significant factors in the ability to swing effectively.

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The study investigated the factorial invariance and factor structure of the Wallace Self-Concept Scale (WSCS) between regular class-room and special education teachers. At issue was the question of whether a given self-referent scale is generalizable across different types of teachers who function in different kinds of teaching environments. The varimax rotation produced three factors which were labeled as personal attribute, personal energy and personal temperament. Factor structure similarity between varimax solutions for the two groups was determined by the use of the factorial invariance program, RELATE. The analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the factor structure of the WSCS is invariant across the two populations in question.