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The utility of the unsaturated phosphonate 1 as a vinylogous Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagent was explored in reactions with aldehydes affording 4-methyldienoate esters. Factors that affect E/Z selectivity were studied. A simplified synthesis of trichostatic acid 3 was accomplished to demonstrate utility of this reagent.

Abstract(R)‐(+)‐Trichostatic acid and (R)‐(+)‐trichostatin A (TSA) are natural products that have attracted considerable attention in the field of epigenetic therapies. TSA in particular is a naturally occurring hydroxamic acid having potent activity as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and having significant potential for treatment of a myriad of genetically based diseases. Development of TSA and other trichostatic acid derivatives into useful small‐molecule therapies has been hindered by the low natural abundance and high cost associated with these compounds. We report herein our collective efforts towards the development of concise and scalable routes for the synthesis of trichostatic acid and TSA in both racemic and enantioenriched forms. Three independent synthetic pathways were developed with varying degrees of efficiency and convergency. In the first synthesis, the key step was a vinylogous Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons condensation. A Marshall propargylation reaction was used as the key step in the second synthesis, and Pd‐catalyzed α‐alkenylation of a ketone zinc enolate by using various functionalized alkenyl or dienyl halides was developed for the third synthesis. The second pathway proved to be readily amenable to an enantioselective modification, and both the second and third pathways were straightforwardly adapted for the facile preparation of new analogues of trichostatic acid and TSA.

An intra­molecular Diels–Alder‐type cyclo­addition between an indole and a 1,2,4,5‐tetra­zine produced the title compound, C29H26N4O4, the first example of a penta­heterocyclic structure obtained via loss of nitro­gen and addition of the elements of acetic anhydride. Of the four N atoms in the mol­ecule, one is in a dihydro­indole, while the other three are in an N,N′‐diacyl­amidrazone unit, of which there are no previous examples. The N,N′‐diacyl­amidrazone is almost planar and is involved in π–π stacking with the N‐benzyl phenyl ring. There are inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, linking the mol­ecules into chains.

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