IntroductionThe amount of information being uploaded onto social video platforms, such as YouTube, Vimeo, and Veoh, continues to spiral, making it increasingly difficult to discern reliable health information from misleading content. There are thousands of YouTube videos promoting misleading information about anorexia (eg, anorexia as a healthy lifestyle).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate anorexia-related misinformation disseminated through YouTube videos.MethodsWe retrieved YouTube videos related to anorexia using the keywords anorexia, anorexia nervosa, proana, and thinspo on October 10, 2011.Three doctors reviewed 140 videos with approximately 11 hours of video content, classifying them as informative, pro-anorexia, or others. By informative we mean content describing the health consequences of anorexia and advice on how to recover from it; by pro-anorexia we mean videos promoting anorexia as a fashion, a source of beauty, and that share tips and methods for becoming and remaining anorexic. The 40 most-viewed videos (20 informative and 20 pro-anorexia videos) were assessed to gauge viewer behavior.ResultsThe interrater agreement of classification was moderate (Fleiss’ kappa=0.5), with 29.3% (n=41) being rated as pro-anorexia, 55.7% (n=78) as informative, and 15.0% (n=21) as others. Pro-anorexia videos were favored 3 times more than informative videos (odds ratio [OR] 3.3, 95% CI 3.3-3.4, P<.001).ConclusionsPro-anorexia information was identified in 29.3% of anorexia-related videos. Pro-anorexia videos are less common than informative videos; however, in proportional terms, pro-anorexia content is more highly favored and rated by its viewers. Efforts should focus on raising awareness, particularly among teenagers, about the trustworthiness of online information about beauty and healthy lifestyles. Health authorities producing videos to combat anorexia should consider involving celebrities and models to reach a wider audience. More research is needed to study the characteristics of pro-anorexia videos in order to develop algorithms that will automatically detect and filter those videos before they become popular.

BackgroundThere is widespread use of the Internet to promote anorexia as a lifestyle choice. Pro-anorexia content can be harmful for people affected or at risk of having anorexia. That movement is actively engaged in sharing photos on social networks such as Flickr.ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of the online communities engaged in disseminating content that encourages eating disorders (known as “pro-anorexia”) and to investigate if the posting of such content is discouraged by the posting of recovery-oriented content.MethodsThe extraction of pro-anorexia and pro-recovery photographs from the photo sharing site Flickr pertaining to 242,710 photos from 491 users and analyzing four separate social networks therein.ResultsPro-anorexia and pro-recovery communities interact to a much higher degree among themselves than what is expected from the distribution of contacts (only 59-72% of contacts but 74-83% of comments are made to members inside the community). Pro-recovery users employ similar words to those used by pro-anorexia users to describe their photographs, possibly in order to ensure that their content appears when pro-anorexia users search for images. Pro-anorexia users who are exposed to comments from the opposite camp are less likely to cease posting pro-anorexia photographs than those who do not receive such comments (46% versus 61%), and if they cease, they do so approximately three months later. Our observations show two highly active communities, where most interaction is within each community. However, the pro-recovery community takes steps to ensure that their content is visible to the pro-anorexia community, both by using textual descriptions of their photographs that are similar to those used by the pro-anorexia group and by commenting to pro-anorexia content. The latter activity is, however, counterproductive, as it entrenches pro-anorexia users in their stance.ConclusionsOur results highlight the nature of pro-anorexia and pro-recovery photo sharing and accentuate the need for clinicians to be aware of such content and its effect on their patients. Our findings suggest that some currently used interventions are not useful in helping pro-anorexia users recover. Thus, future work should focus on new intervention methods, possibly tailored to individual characteristics.

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Experiments and thermodynamic calculations were performed to gain a better understanding of the CVD of Ti 3 SiC 2 . The computer program SOLGASMIX-PV was used to calculate deposition diagrams for the TiCl 4 ±SiCl 4 ±CCl 4 ±H 2 reagent system. The effects of hydrogen to reagent concentration ratio, temperature, and pressure were explored using a ªboxº type study surrounding a central set of conditions (temperature 1300 K, pressure 760 kPa, and a hydrogen to reagent concentration ratio of 20:1). The calculated results were not in good agreement with the experimental results, which suggests that either kinetics plays an important role in the CVD of Ti 3 SiC 2 , or the thermodynamic data are not sufficiently known. The experimental study of the CVD of Ti 3 SiC 2 revealed important morphological details of the Ti 3 SiC 2 deposits. Complicated microstructures, consisting of various combinations of Ti 3 SiC 2 , TiC, and TiSi 2 , were obtained. The preferred orientation of Ti 3 SiC 2 basal planes was shown to be perpendicular to the substrate, with the degree of orientation and other microstructural characteristics dependent on temperature.

A series of novel poly(hydroxy ethers) have been prepared via polymerization of the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol‐A (4), 4,4 ′‐tribromotetramethylbiphenol (6a), and 4,4 ′‐tetrabromotetramethylbiphenol (6b) with a variety of rigid diols in an effort to systematically modify structural features of the phenoxy repeat unit in order to control the torsional mobility of polymer backbones and produce materials with softening temperatures higher than are typical for the class. The resulting poly(hydroxy ethers) displyed glass transition temperatures ranging from 109 to 242°C. There of the polymers were characterized with respect to tensile and impact properties and were compared to the polymer sythesized from bisphenol‐A (1) and bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether (4).