This two-part paper presents the integration of the free-vortex wake method (FVM) with an aeroelastic framework suitable to model the rotor-wake interactions engendered by floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) rotors in operation. Part 1 of this paper introduces the numerical development and validation of an aeroelastic framework. Due to a lack of experimental aeroelastic benchmarks for FOWTs, a series of validation studies are conducted against the rotor aerodynamic and structural performance of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5-MW reference wind turbine. Part 2 of this paper focuses on the modeling and simulating different aeroelastic operational conditions of FOWTs. Numerical results of the current framework capture consistently the aerodynamic rotor performance, such as power, thrust, and torque of wave-induced pitching FOWTs. In addition, the presented aeroelastic framework yields additional information about the power, thrust, and torque fluctuations due to the out-of-phase blade passing frequency and corresponding blade deflections. The fidelity of the presented framework demonstrates, for the first time, an FVM-based aeroelastic method capable of carrying out investigations on rotor-wake interactions and relevant aeroelastic phenomena of FOWTs.
A free-vortex-wake aeroelastic framework evaluates the impact of blade elasticity on the near-wake formation and its linear stability for onshore and offshore configurations of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW reference wind turbine. Numerical results show that motion of the flexible rotor further destabilizes its tip-vortices through earlier onset of mutual inductance relative to the rigid rotor results for onshore and offshore turbines. The near-wake growth rate is demonstrated to depend on the azimuthal position of the rotor for all cases considered, which appears to not have been reported previously for wake stability analyses in the rotorcraft literature.
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