I nflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term for conditions characterized by symptoms of chronic inflammation and ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, vomiting, malabsorption of nutrients, and abdominal pain. Although gastrointestinal symptoms compose the primary presentation of the disease, individuals with IBD may also experience chronic fatigue, joint pains, weight loss, fever, skin changes, and delayed physical and sexual development. IBD is a chronic disease requiring lifelong treatment, with implications across all areas of functioning. The two most common types of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are differentiated based on the location and depth of affected tissue. IBD should not be confused with or compared with irritable bowel syndrome, which is a very common functional gastrointestinal disorder involving bowel changes and discomfort and does not have the same severe disease correlates and sequelae.

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to discuss up-to-date psychological treatment strategies for functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) with practical implications for primary care providers who are the “front line” of treatment for pediatric FAPD.Recent findingsPositive diagnosis, pain education, and access to multidisciplinary care improve outcomes for FAPD patients. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and hypnosis continue to have the strongest evidence in psychological treatments, but educational interventions and other nonpharmacological approaches show promise as well. There are innovative programs that combine these tools into group or internet-based treatments to expand access to care. Additionally, nonpharmacological tools, including neurostimulation and virtual reality programs, are increasing in popularity.SummaryFAPD is prevalent across pediatric practices, yet there is no standard medical or dietary approach, and there are many barriers to diagnosis and treatment. It is important for patients to have positive encounters around diagnosis and education, access to multidisciplinary care, and integrated psychological support. Consistently, studies show that psychology continues to be a vital component of care. This review discusses supported uses of psychology, innovative programming for increasing access to care, and how primary care providers can incorporate lessons learned from psychology in FAPD care.Video Abstracthttp://links.lww.com/MOP/A67.