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Introduction Background Purpose and scope Acknowledgments Description of the study sites Climate Vegetation Geology and soils Hydrology Methods of estimating evapotranspiration Instrumentation Energy-budgets and the Bowen-ratio method Eddy-correlation method Weighing lysimeters

Proceedings.]DISCUSSION ON IXPOUXDIXG RESERT-OIRS. CORRESPONDENCE ON IMPOUNDING RESERVOIRS. [Minutes ofDr. -4. VOR analysis of the problem had convinced Delocre that, in consequence liraunmiihl. of the varying relation of the pressures, continuous profiles, such, for instance, as logarithmic curves, were not possible; he therefore divided the cross-section into three portions. Professor Kreuter remarked truly that, in order for the line of pressure to change from its fixed position in portion No. l to its position in portion No. 2 of Delocre's section, an intermediate part should be introduced. This part was of trapezoidal form. The equation for the breadth in the third portion was given as an algebraic expression, that in the fourth (base) portion being determined by a logarithmic curve. The principal difficulty consisted, after the breadth in the entire cross-section of the dam were found, in SO joining together the four portions as to ensure the fulfilment of the necessary conditions of equilibrium. This was an easy matter in the first and second portions, but in the last two the equation contained an integral that could only be evaluated step by step. The effect of the vertical component of the waterpressure on the profiles, hitherto neglected, was next considered by a combined graphical and analytical method.Engineers might, perhaps, consider this theoretical treatment of the question too cumbrous for ordinary use. Two replies might be given to this : first, the work involved in the computation was less laborious than it might at first sight appear to be; and, secondly, the time spent in arriving at a solution of the question was of little importance in relation to the certainty introduced into the design of dams by rigorous mathematical treatment. nrr. A. Fairlie Mr. A. FAIRLIE BRUCE observed that the strength of the Tansa Rruce.dam might have been increased had it been constructed with an inner skin of 5 to 1 Portland cement concrete, say 5 feet thick at the bottom, diminishing to 1 foot at the top. That would not have added much to the cost, and would have prevented water from finding its way into the heart of the structure, which, while it might cause little or no leakage, must, by its pressure, impair the stability of the dam. It would have been interesting to know why rubble masonry was preferred to rubble concrete for the work. The crushing strength of the mortar compared unfavourably with that of Portland cement mortar. With cement concrete two weeks old, in which the mortar was composed of 1 part of cement to 3 parts of sand, he had, in arched ribs, obtained nearly as good results as those quoted in the Paper at six to eleven months ; and at twelve weeks he had obtained 2,447 lbs, per square inch, which exceeded the maximum Tansa test. Judging from the quantity ofwater delivered, and the small loss by leakage, the workmanDownloaded by [ UNIV OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN] on [11/09/16].

Introduction Background Purpose and scope Acknowledgments Description of the study areas Climate-Vegetation Soils and geology Hydrology Methods of estimating evapotranspiration-11 Instrumentation Energy-budget methods Bowen-ratio method Penman-Monteith method Canopy resistance Aerodynamic resistance Weighing lysimeters Deep-percolation model 21 Evaluation of evapotranspiration 21 Energy budgets Evapotranspiration estimates Grass and sage lysimeter sites Snively Basin site Turnbull meadow and marsh sites 61 Black Rock Valley site 61 Water budgets Grass and sage lysimeter sites Snively Basin site Summary and conclusions References cited FIGURES 1. Maps showing location of evapotranspiration study sites in Washington: la. Grass lysimeter, sage lysimeter, and Snively Basin sites Ib. Turnbull meadow and marsh sites Ic. Black Rock Valley site 2-4. Diagrams showing: 2. Methods of estimating evapotranspiration and periods of data collection at the study sites 3. Evapotranspiration instrumentation setup 4. Energy budget in the canopy layer 5-7. Graphs showing energy budget from the Bowen-ratio method at the: 5.