Data from a cohort of 62 HIV-positive individuals with hemophilia or von Willebrands disease infected for a maximum period of 15 years were analyzed. The relation between CD4+ and total lymphocyte counts and their rate of decline was analyzed with respect to age at seroconversion, time of seroconversion, and development of disease and subsequent death. As expected, the CD4+ and total lymphocyte population decline correlated with increased probability of disease and death. The patients fell into two distinct categories with respect to this decline: those whose cell count declined steadily (single slope) and those whose cell count remained steady or decreased very slowly for a variable period and then declined sharply (double slope). Within this cohort, the presence of a double slope appears to indicate a poorer prognosis, as 9 of 18 of the patients who have died showed this pattern, whereas only 6 of 42 of the remaining patients have this pattern even though more than half of this group have CD4+ lymphocyte counts < 0.2 x 10(9)/L. In addition, the ratio of CD4+ lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count decreased with increasing cumulative frequency of the cumulative incidence of disease and death and the overall probability of death in this cohort was lower than expected, being 30% 12 years after seroconversion.
The duodenum, jejunum, ileum and large intestine of newborn, and 24-hour-old fed and unfed piglets, and of 10-day-old piglets have been studied by new histochemical methods. At birth Meissner’s plexus was most developed in the duodenum. There was little change during the first 24 h, but by 10 days it had become elaborated. Goblet cells were present at birth in all parts of the intestine. After 24 h a large proportion of those in the duodenum had discharged and were being replaced with a new generation. Similar changes took place more slowly in the jejunum and ileum and very much more slowly in the large intestine. Feeding increased the rate of turnover.
Rat lymph nodes secrete a sulphated macromolecule. This molecule was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and partially characterized by gel-permeation chromatography, before and after chemical and enzymic modification, and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels, paper and glassfibre paper. The results obtained suggest that the label was not incorporated into a proteoglycan but entered a glycolipid that is non-covalently linked to a glycoprotein. A possible role for this complex is discussed.
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