The age of a large alluvial fan debouching onto the valley floor of the River Tweed, in southern Scotland, and the sequence of events relating to this, are investigated using geomorphological, sedimentological, palynological, archaeological and radiocarbon dating evidence. Prior to fan deposition, the Tweed valley floor seems to have been covered by a wooded peat at a time of low fluvial activity. The fan commenced deposition in the 11 th century AD, and appears to have been a local event, the Tweed showing no response to this accelerated sedimentation. Later, perhaps 200 years later, the Tweed commenced overbank deposition of the only Flandrian terrace preserved. Local proxy data are examined in order to define the causes of these events, but difficulties in temporal correlation, despite the good resolution of the radiocarbon chronology, mean that the causes of these events remain unknown. KEY WORDS Alluvial fan Fluvial aggradation Radiocarbon dating Historic period changes Proxy data and causal inference

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In March 1978, as part of a survey of the Lunan Valley, Angus district, carried out by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland's fieldworkers (RCAMS 1978) in conjunction with the Central Excavation Unit of the Scottish Development Department, a previously unrecorded carving was discovered on a standing stone at Westerton (NGR no 5364 5210), a cottage about 8 km E of Forfar.

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