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Both complete and partial endograft explantation, although morbid procedures, can be performed safely. Postoperative imaging surveillance is important, especially if the endograft has been removed from the iliac arteries, as degeneration can occur.

Pharmacomechanical Thrombectomy (PMT) is recognized as a recent advancement in the treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Evidence for the use of this modality is growing rapidly, primarily based on anecdotal experience and large case series. Currently, the majority of patients with lower extremity DVT are treated with anticoagulation or compressive therapy without adjunctive surgical or interventional procedures. This article reviews the current evidence supporting the use of PMT over catheter directed thrombolysis or simple anticoagulation and the expected benefits that can be realized from each modality. In addition the relevant unique characteristics to each device currently available are described focusing on mechanism of action and potential side effects.

In our model, the creation of a type Ia endoleak in the absence of sac outflow resulted in a mean pressure higher than the systemic mean pressure with zero net flow into the aneurysm sac. Consequently, the endoleak could only be visualized with markedly delayed imaging and not with standard contrast digital subtraction angiography like that used in clinical practice. Our findings suggest that endotension may in fact be the result of undetected endoleaks secondary to the limitations of present iodinated contrast imaging modalities.