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The effect of land use on fish community structure was examined at fifty-five sites in tributaries draining exotic, indigenous forest and pastoral catchments in the Hakarimata range in March and April 1987. Using a model containing percentage woody debris, temperature, and substrate coarseness, 76% of the sites were classified into correct land uses by discriminant analysis. This indicated that differences in stream habitat, and hence of the fish fauna, were related to effects of changed land use rather than other confounding physical or geographical features of the streams in the catchments. Tributaries in indigenous forest were numerically dominated by banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus) and longfinned eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii), with redfinned bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni) and giant kokopu (G. argenteus) occasionally being caught. Pastoral streams below the forest generally supported higher densities and contained more species including the forested species above, Cran's bully (G. basalis), and shortfinned eel (A. australis). As the amount of indigenous forest in the catchment decreased the fauna became less abundant and less diverse and was dominated by both species of eel and Cran's bully.

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A dramatic reduction in catch rates of Antarctic toothfish in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, has led to conclusions that the commercial bottom longline fishery for toothfish in the Ross Sea has drastically altered the toothfish population with cascading effects on the McMurdo Sound ecosystem. However, results from a new monitoring programme for Antarctic toothfish and other top predators carried out in McMurdo Sound in 2014 have shown toothfish catch rate, fish size and fish age similar to those observed prior to 2002. These results suggest that either large and old fish have returned to McMurdo Sound following a temporary environmentally driven absence or that they remained locally present but were not detected in the areas sampled. These findings highlight the importance of continued standardized monitoring for detecting the potential effects of fishing on the Ross Sea ecosystem.

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