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The study explored the validity of the College Self-Expression Scale (CSES) in the context of three alternative models of behavior-personism, situationalism, and interactionalism, Seventy-two high and 72 low assertive female college students role played scenes requiring assertive behavior. The scenes varied on three Situational dimensions-positive-negative assertion, male-female, and familiar-unfamiliar partner. The dependent measures were content, appropriateness of affect, and duration of reply. Data were analyzed with both multivariate and univariate statistics in order to provide a more comprehensive view of assertion than has been available from previous research. The results supported the concurrent validity of the CSES and the role of both person and situational, but not interactional, influences on assertion. Implications of these findings for assertion training, for using the CSES, and for conceptualizing assertive behavior are discussed.

A number of studies have investigated the use of the insanity defense; however, there are few reports on the use of other types of psychiatric defenses. This study explored the use of the affirmative psychiatric defense of extreme emotional disturbance (EED) in New York County (one of the five counties which comprise New York City). The results of the study indicate that, as in the case of the insanity defense, EED is rarely proffered by criminal defendants (plea rate 0.84%). The defense only prevailed on one occasion at a jury trial. While the EED defense was successful 39% of the time that it was entered, this was usually only when the prosecutor accepted the argument that was offered by the defense.