In order to investigate aggression in the laboratory it is necessary to have an effective method for mciting aggression and for objectively measunng the aggressive responses that follow A number of researchers have concluded that aggression (defined as the delivery of noxious stimuli to another person) is the most potent and rehable antecedent of aggression To quote Buss (1961), for example, "the antecedent event most likely to ehcit aggression is an attack" (p 38) Basically, there are two forms of attack for human bemgs, verbal and physical Although there have been a number of expenments concemed with verbal aggression, there has been a conspicuous lack of expenmentation bearmg on the relationship between physical attack and agIn order to study aggressive behavior m the laboratory, one must place Ss m a situation which permits them to transgress the powerful social prohibitions agamst acts of aggression or one m which aggression appears to be justified A situation which well fits this requnrement is one m which the S receives direct physical aggression, for physical attack encourages physical counteraggression, viewed as self-defense and sanctioned by society All too often, measures of aggression used in the laboratory have been of an mdirect nature Ss have been given questionnaires, projective tests, or mterviews, and from these sources aggression has been inferred Among the problems with such

The Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) was developed as a clinical rating scale to assess four domains of clinical performance and capacity in HD: motor function, cognitive function, behavioral abnormalities, and functional capacity. We assessed the internal consistency and the intercorrelations for the four domains and examined changes in ratings over time. We also performed an interrater reliability study of the motor assessment. We found there was a high degree of internal consistency within each of the domains of the UHDRS and that there were significant intercorrelations between the domains of the UHDRS, with the exception of the total behavioral score. There was an excellent degree of interrater reliability for the motor scores. Our limited longitudinal database indicates that the UHDRS may be useful for tracking changes in the clinical features of HD over time. The UHDRS assesses relevant clinical features of HD and appears to be appropriate for repeated administration during clinical studies.

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This article is intended to highlight some key themes within the news media's reporting of drugs, drug users and drug-related crime. 1 Its aim is to focus on how the news media represent illegal drugs and drug users and their causal links with further criminal behaviour. The article proposes that news media and governmental beliefs mirror each other and have both adopted a stance that serious or 'problematic' drug use is dangerous and causes further criminality. It also asserts that both media coverage and policy direction are disproportionately aimed at specific stereotypes of drug users and drug-using offenders, to the point whereby simplistic notions have developed at the expense of a much wider and more complex discussion to the detriment of a holistic drugs discourse. The ramifications of such representations are that users of heroin and crack cocaine are thought of as risk-bearing 'outsiders' and are actively excluded from society. The article will draw on a plethora of studies from across the globe through the belief that even in an era of media diversity and culturally diverse drug use, there are common globally identifiable themes within the news media's reporting of drugs and crime.