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Orf (contagious ecthyma) is an exanthematic disease caused by a parapoxvirus and occurs primarily in sheep and goats with zoonotic implications. In the present investigation, an orf outbreak in the Muzzaffarnagari sheep flock at the Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, was investigated. Primary goat testes cell culture was used for isolation of the orf virus (ORFV) for the first time. The identity of the virus was confirmed by amplification and sequence analysis of the major envelope glycoprotein (B2L) gene and named ORFV/sheep/India/2012/CIRG. On phylogenetic analysis of B2L protein gene, it clustered with the ORFV strains from China suggesting distinct ORFV strains are circulating in India. On comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analysis (n = 63), a unique 126S residue was observed in ORFV/sheep/India/2012/CIRG. On further sequence analysis (B2L) of different ORFV strains (n = 63), some conserved amino acid residues were identified as host-specific (sheep, human, camel, takin, and musk ox) and have been summarized.

The present paper deals with the opportunities for the modeling of flue gas and air system of a thermal power plant by making the performance evaluation using probabilistic approach. The present system of thermal plant under study consists of four subsystems with three possible states: full working, reduced capacity working and failed. Failure and repair rates for all the subsystems are assumed to be constant. Formulation of the problem is carried out using Markov Birth-Death process using probabilistic approach and a transition diagram represents the operational behavior of the system.Interrelationship among the full working and reduced working states has been developed. A probabilistic model has been developed, considering some assumptions.Data in feasible range are selected from a survey of thermal plant and the effect of each subsystem on the system availability is tabulated in the form of availability matrices, which provides various performance/availability levels for different combinations of failure and repair rates of all subsystems. Based upon various availability values obtained in availability matrices and graphs of failure/repair rates of different subsystems, performance and optimum values of failure/repair rates for maximum availability, of each subsystem is analyzed and then maintenance priorities are decided for all subsystems.

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