This research explores the application of available information from Automated Data Collection Systems (ADC) with a focus on bus passenger Origin-Destination (OD) matrices inference, using Chongqing as a case study. It demonstrates the feasibility and ease of applying to infer bus passengers boarding and alighting locations if boarding information is available from neither Automatic Fare Collection System (AFC) nor GPS data, and is the first known attempt to create an algorism to use stop Geographic Information System (GIS) and dual-direction bus stop group to estimate the boarding location and traveling direction when GPS data cannot provide the arriving information at bus stops. The results of this research have been practically applied to a full-size bus network in Chongqing, and can be easily implemented to other Chinese cities as Chongqing presents most popular data structure of ADC in China.

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of ruthenium (III) is described, based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation reaction of switerland pigment with potassium periodate in 0.016 mol/L of hydrogen chloride medium and in the presence of OP emulsifier (p-iso-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol) at 100 °C. The above reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance at 608 nm for the catalytic reaction of switerland pigment. The calibration curve for the recommended method was linear in the concentration range over 0.041.0 μg/L and the detection limit of the method for Ru (III) is 0.012 μg/L. The influence of the factors such as acidity, concentration of reactants, reaction time, temperature and co-existing ions on the reaction is discussed. The optimum conditions of reaction are established and some kinetic parameters are determined. The apparent activation energy of catalytic reaction is 100.48 kJ/mol. The relative standard deviation for the determination of ruthenium (III) at the concentration of 0.02 μg/25 mL is calculated to be 2.3 % (n=11). In combination with distilled separation, the method has been successfully applied for the determination of trace ruthenium (III) in some ores and metallurgy proucts with the relative standard deviations (RSD) over 2.9 %3.8 % and the recovery over 98.2 %-103.6 %.

Based on the catalytic effect of trace tin on discoloring reaction of arsenazo M (AsA M) with potassium bromate in 0.08 mol/L sulphuric acid solution, a method for the determination of trace tin by kinetic spectrophotometry was studied. The results show that the maximum absorption of AsA M is at 540 nm and the detection limit of the method for tin is 0.22 μg/L. Beers law is obeyed for tin in the range of determination is 0.7210.0 μg/L. Combined with tributyl phosphate (TPB) chromatographic separation, the method has been applied to the determination of trace tin in rock samples with satisfactory results.