Background: Vaccination increase immunity against diphtheria, yet will decrease by aging. Therefore, boosters are needed to be done regularly. Objectives: This study aims to determine the immunity to diphtheria for the population of 16 years old and above. Methods: The sample of study were 295 collected blood serums by Riskesdas project in 2013, the criteria was above 15 years of age and originating from the Provinces of Central Java or East Java inclusively. Immunity assessment was based on antibody titer (IgG) against diphtheria using Vero Cell cytotoxicity test. Statistical analysis was performed using the X2 test. Results: The full protective IgG titer (>0.1 IU/ml) at the age of 16-20 years included 75% sample with a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 0.19 IU/ml. Yet, at the age of 21-60 years and > 60 years, full protective IgG titers only cover 45.5% and 33.3% sample with GMT respectively 0.06 IU / ml. Statistical analysis showed the relationship between age and immune status with p-value 0.003. Otherwise, no relationship between the status of immunity with sex and residency with p-values of 0.16 and 0.43. Conclusions: The immune status against diphtheria at the age of above 15 years decreases with aging. Keywords: Adult; diphtheria; Indonesia; serology.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic vector-borne disease in humans and animals in the Asia Pacific. This RNA virus is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites from viral amplifiers, such as pigs, poultry, bats, and other vertebrates. In the spread of JEV, herons are considered the reservoir, pigs as the main amplifying host, and the Culex mosquito as a vector. Although the number of cases of JE in humans is low, Indonesia is considered an endemic area for JE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of JE in pigs and cattle in Tangerang Regency, the area with the largest pig population in Banten Province. From June -to July 2019, a total of 101 samples of pig blood and 110 samples of cattle blood were collected from 13 pig farms and 42 cattle farms. Characteristics of livestock management were recorded for further descriptive analysis. From 101 samples of pig blood and 110 samples of cattle blood, only 94 pig serum and 94 cattle serum were obtained for testing by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) Specific IgG ELISA; the seroprevalence results for pigs were 6.38% and 7.44% for cattle. The follow-up PCR test for porcine and bovine serum found none of the samples with the JE virus. Based on seroprevalence results and livestock management characteristics, we suspect that the JE antibody in reactive pig serum was inherited from their sow before being imported from outside the Tangerang district. However, judging from the location of the source of the positive JEV IgG cattle, almost all of which were obtained locally, there is a possibility that JEV transmission occurred in Tangerang Regency. We suggest the need for JE virus control in breeding farms in the area of origin of pigs that enter the Tangerang Regency area, considering that the introduction of the virus can occur through the transportation of cattle or piglets between regions.

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Measles is a highly prevalent infectious disease in Indonesia, and these large number of cases need to be confirmed in a laboratory so that precautions can be taken quickly and accurately. This study used urine specimens for laboratory confirmation of measles using viral culture and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Viral culture was performed using vero cells/hSLAM and its cytopathic effect was quantified, and RT-PCR was used to amplify the N gene fragment using measles virus forward primer (MeV216) and measles virus reverse primer (MeV214). We tested 120 urine specimens obtained from nine different provinces in Indonesia in 2016. Virus culture yielded a positivity value of 7 %, whereas RT-PCR positivity was 36 %. These results imply that the RT-PCR method is more sensitive for detecting measles virus compared with viral culture.