Nonreciprocal stub tuners can be designed using analytical and T-chart solutions. Although the analytical solutions are more accurate and useful for computer analysis, they are quite complicated and difficult to obtain for nonreciprocal stub tuners. In contrast, the T-chart solutions are fast, intuitive, and accurate. Due to the phase angle dependence of the Z-Y T-chart, a user-friendly T-chart software has been developed and applied for studying nonreciprocal stub tuners. It has been found that the basic procedures and concepts for designing nonreciprocal stub tuners are similar to those of the reciprocal ones. In addition, the forbidden region for double-stub shunt tuners does not depend on the phase angle of the associated characteristic impedances of nonreciprocal transmission lines. Further applications of the Z-Y T-chart will be reported in the future. COMPUTER-AIDED NUMERICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES FOR HIGH-POWER OPERATION OF IMPATT OSCILLATORS

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