Introduction: Dyspepsia is a common presenting complaint encountered in the outpatient department of general medicine and is the most common indication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Aim of the study was to evaluate Upper Gastro Intestinal endoscopic findings in patients presenting with dyspepsia, to find the relative occurrence of individual findings in different age groups and to compare with earlier studies. Material and methods: This was a retrospective, observational study in GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, a tertiary care centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Data on patients presenting with dyspepsia and scheduled for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy between June 2018 and June 2019 were collected. Results: Two hundred and seven patients with dyspepsia were assessed by UGI endoscopy. Out of these,121 (58.4%) were male and 86(41.5%) were female. The mean age was 43.8±14.2 years. The endoscopic findings were GERD (15.4%), erosive esophagitis (11.1%), gastritis (52.6%), duodenitis (3.3%), duodenal ulcer (4.8%), gastric ulcer (6.7%), hiatus hernia (10.2%), and mixed findings in 37.1% of patients. Gastric cancer was identified in 2.4% of patients. Endoscopy findings were normal in 13(6.3%) patients. Conclusion: We conclude that dyspepsia is a common indication for endoscopy. The frequency of male subjects is higher and gastritis is the most common pathology followed by reflux esophagitis. These were associated with increasing age. GI malignancy was uncommon and higher in elderly patients. The upper GI endoscopy is the best investigation tool for evaluating dyspepsia. Though it is an invasive procedure, dyspeptic patients with alarm symptoms must be evaluated with upper GI endoscopy. Endoscopy can be avoided in most young patients with dyspepsia without alarm features.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to study the clinical presentations, predisposing factors, and underlying conditions associated with Strongyloidiasis. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from 2018 to 2021on patients who presented with medical complaints in a tertiary care hospital, and 19 were diagnosed with strongyloidiasis by stool wet mount examination. Other relevant details were collected to analyze the risk factors. Results: A total of 19 cases were found positive for strongyloidiasis. Males 13 (68.4%) were more and females 6 (31.6%), and most of them were above 50 years age group (73.7%). Among the cases, respiratory symptoms (42.1%) were predominantly observed, followed by gastrointestinal (31.6%). Multiple predisposing factors such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, corticosteroid usage, TB, diabetes, alcohol, and asthma have been identified in strongyloidiasis cases. Peripheral eosinophilia is a frequent finding in the complete blood picture. Conclusions: Strongyloidiasis should be strongly suspected in every immune compromised patient presenting with gastrointestinal, respiratory manifestations, or peripheral eosinophilia, and asymptomatic immune competent patients with comorbid conditions.

Introduction: Region specific awareness about major aetiologies of acute undifferentiated fever (AUF) is important for effective management to reduce morbidity and mortality. Hence, we did a study to know about the aetiology and disease specific clinical profile of acute undifferentiated fever cases in a tertiary care centre in South India. Material and Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care centre (GIMSR, South India) during June 2018-June 2019. Patients aged 16 years who had a febrile illness for < 21 days, with no localizing signs of infection following initial clinical evaluation were included in the study. Peripheral smear for malarial parasite, Widal test, Dengue rapid NS1 antigen and IgM Combo test, Dengue IgM capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA), Leptospira IgM ELISA, Scrub typhus IgM ELISA, Chikungunya IgM ELISA and blood culture were routinely performed at the hospital. Results: A total of 248 AUF cases were studied: Dengue (42), Malaria(46), Scrub typhus(27), Scrub typhus with Dengue(7), Chikungunya(11), Enteric fever(37), UTI(26), Leptospirosis(5), Hepatitis A(5), Hepatitis E(5) and Unclear diagnosis(37) were noted. Conclusion: Malaria, Dengue, Enteric fever and Scrub typhus were the most important major causes of AUF in our study. However, a greater number of undiagnosed cases (37) in our study shows that further research is required in identifying the aetiology of undifferentiated fever.

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