Background The wetland stagnation is the premise of the wetland depth (WD) but is lacking in detail. The research looks into correlation of stagnant wetland's depth and their ecological status in the Central Tamil Nadu district (CTN) because of few studies. Seventy-ve chosen stagnant wetlands are hydrologically isolated, depths were categorized into less than 5 feet, 6 to 10, and above 10 feet, surveyed by the range of methods from districts as Karur (KD), Namakkal (ND), and Tiruchirappalli district (TD). The human disturbance score (HDS) categorized as least impacted (0-33), moderately impacted (33-67), and highly impacted (67-100).The impacts of LULC changes over nine years (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019) through the maximum likelihood method. Overall, wetland depth (WD) showed that 54% (less than 5 feet), 25.6% (5-10 feet) 20.2% (100 feet). District-wise, wetland degradation was the utmost in the TD, followed by ND and KD. Except In KD, the remaining district wetlands were MI category with diverse HDS. The correlation test revealed a positive relationship between WD against the alteration of the buffer zone, habitat, hydrology, and HDS. However, a negative relation between landscape alteration and wetland pollution. The impacts of LULC changes con rm that severe decline in wetlands habitat and water bodies' area due to built-up area, cultivated land expansion and, increasing population. Our study supported that the WD is associated with quanti ed impact on wetlands conditions, but further research will need due to limited surveyed wetlands with similar geographical locations. 2018).Water is observed to be highly rare as population expands and amount of water rises, and global warming affects the hydrological processes (World Water Assessment Programme 2012). Despite wetlands being hydrologically concerned ecosystems, an abiotic component (hydrology, water depth, climate, and chemistry) is extensively considered being the most vital controller of wetland biota (Mitsch and Gosselink 2000). The architecture of a wetland's river ows, in conjunction with its physiographic context, determines almost all of its ecosystem attributes, together with soil conditions, water quality, and the form of biota that lives there (van der Valk 2012). Evaporation and monsoon too are important factors in wetland water levels (Van der Kamp and Hayashi 2009;Ackerman et al. 2015). Hydrological variation connected to climatic alteration, such as rainfall variability, is probably to trigger further ecological alteration. Wetland water stagnation is based on individual wetlands characteristics over their stagnation is in uenced by seasonal changes. Nearly 50% of wetlands have been gone global and, plenty of the wetlands that stand deteriorated because of hydrologic modi cation (Zedler& Kercher 2005). Wetland deterioration resulting due to aquifer out ow, river desiccation, and monsoon decline has turned into a gradually urgent predicament (Pattern et al. 2008;Zhang et al. 2008;Johansen et al. 2011). In wetland...

Background The wetland stagnation is the premise of the wetland depth (WD) but is lacking in detail. The research looks into correlation of stagnant wetland’s depth and their ecological status in the Central Tamil Nadu district (CTN) because of few studies. Seventy-five chosen stagnant wetlands are hydrologically isolated, depths were categorized into less than 5 feet, 6 to 10, and above 10 feet, surveyed by the range of methods from districts as Karur (KD), Namakkal (ND), and Tiruchirappalli district (TD). The human disturbance score (HDS) categorized as least impacted (0-33), moderately impacted (33-67), and highly impacted (67-100).The impacts of LULC changes over nine years (2010–2019) through the maximum likelihood method. Overall, wetland depth (WD) showed that 54% (less than 5 feet), 25.6% (5-10 feet) 20.2% (100 feet). District-wise, wetland degradation was the utmost in the TD, followed by ND and KD. Except In KD, the remaining district wetlands were MI category with diverse HDS. The correlation test revealed a positive relationship between WD against the alteration of the buffer zone, habitat, hydrology, and HDS. However, a negative relation between landscape alteration and wetland pollution. The impacts of LULC changes confirm that severe decline in wetlands habitat and water bodies’ area due to built-up area, cultivated land expansion and, increasing population. Our study supported that the WD is associated with quantified impact on wetlands conditions, but further research will need due to limited surveyed wetlands with similar geographical locations.

Stagnant wetlands have a vast natural ecosystem of different sizes, provide vital ecosystem services to humans, but are not well detailed. The study investigates the association of the Stagnant wetland’s size versus the ecological condition (EC), ecosystem service (ES), and their Shifts in land use / land cover (LULC) in the Agro-climatic a location of Namakkal district. Twenty-one chosen wetlands are hydrologically isolated, few semi-parched in summer, surveyed by the range of methods. The Wetland sizes had categorized into small wetlands (SW), medium wetlands (MW), and large wetlands (LW) which, are less than 10 acres, 11 to 100, and above 100 acres, respectively. Our results showed that ES of entire wetlands degraded by human anthropogenic activities and degradation factors differ in the wetland kinds. Also, ecosystem services such as livestock rearing and agronomy are vital income sources. Overall, the hypothesis results show that wetland size is not associated with ecological status and ecosystem services. However, the LULC changes had analyzed from 2010 to 2019. The data corroborate that the increase in constructing the property and extensive changes in agricultural areas are a deep concern for wetland size reduction. Finally, wetlands conservation activities priorities given to are wetlands size-based seems not the best practice.