Background: Spectrum of renal disease varies in different population, geographical location, and by environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to find out the occurrence of different pediatric renal diseases at a teaching hospital in the rural part of Maharashtra, India.Methods: All cases of renal diseases from one month to 12 years of age, admitted to the wards during the period of July 2018 to December 2019, were included in the study. Detailed clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed on all patients. Diseases were categorized as per standard definitions and managed with hospital protocols.Results: Renal diseases accounted to be 235 cases (2.8%) of total pediatric admissions during study period, of which (61.3%) were male and (38.7%) female. Nephrotic syndrome (NS), was the most common disorder (34%) followed by congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT) (24.7%), urolithiasis (11%), urinary tract infection (10.63%), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (7.66%) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (3.83%). The causes of AKI were dehydration, urosepsis, septicemia, and acute glomerulonephritis (AGN). Mortality was found in 3.4% of cases and the etiologies were AKI, NS and CKD.Conclusions: A substantial number of children are hospitalized with renal and urinary tract diseases. NS and congenital defects were the leading renal disorders in this study. These patients need comprehensive services for early identification and management.

Background: Thyroid hormone is essential for growth and development especially the brain. Deficiency of thyroid hormone i.e. congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the commonest cause of preventable mental retardation. As it is difficult to diagnose CH with clinical symptoms at birth, most patients with CH are diagnosed by laboratory results. Early detection is important, either by Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) or T4 estimation or both by newborn screening. Cord blood TSH (CB-TSH) estimation has high sensitivity, but various maternal and perinatal factors affect the CB-TSH levels, which may interfere with the interpretation.

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Background: Acute poisoning is a common cause for morbidity and mortality in children. The profile and outcome in children with acute poisoning depend a lot on the socioeconomic status, cultural practices, parental education status, and availability of health care. The present study was aimed to analyze the pattern and outcome of pediatric poisoning in rural area.Methodology: This is a retrospective study conducted over a period of twenty-four months in a rural hospital attached to medical college. Results:The poisoning constituted 4.7% of total admissions in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Male: Female ratio was 1.33. 98(87.5%) of children were less than 5 years of age. Organophosphorus compounds were most commonly (n=55, 49.1%), responsible for poisoning, followed by kerosene (n=20, 17.9%). Thirty percent children had short stay in hospital i.e., less than 48 hours. Overall survival rate noted in the study was 91% (n=103). Conclusion:Poisoning in Pediatric age contributes to significant number of admissions to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in rural area. Insecticide/Pesticides, Kerosene, and plants were leading causes of poisoning.

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