Generation of test cases is one of the essential activities of the software testing process. The process of executing a programme to identify defects to improve the system's quality is known as software testing. Manually writing test cases takes time, effort, and money. On the other hand, generating test cases automatically is the solution to this problem. For this automation process, a model-based test case generation technique would be acceptable. A model is usually required to generate test cases in the model-based testing technique. Nowadays, researchers have relied on the activity diagram to generate test cases. Test cases for combinatorial logic systems are required. Combinatorial testing is essential for producing a small number of test cases and identifying errors occurred by interactions between system input parameters. Information about constraints, parameters and its values are required for generation of test cases. It is difficult to extract information regarding constraints, parameters, its values, and interactions between parameters from an Activity Diagram. A novel approach is proposed to extract this information from an Activity Diagram. The authors created a tool that automatically generates combinatorial test cases using UML Activity Diagrams. The proposed tool has two main parts. First, the combinatorial test design model is developed for extraction of input parameters. Second part is generation of optimized number of combinatorial test cases using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Finally, the authors experimented on a real-world case study namely viz. Railway Reservation using the proposed tool, and it is shown that the proposed tool generated optimum number of combinatorial test cases.

In the Software Development Life Cycle, modelling plays a most significant role in designing and developing software efficiently. Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD) is a powerful agile software development model where a customer provides user acceptance test suits as a part of Software Requirements Specifications. A design has to develop a system so that User Acceptance Tests will be successful. In some systems, the Combinatorial Logic and Combinatorial Testing play a very crucial role. The authors have proposed a novel approach to enhance the existing Acceptance Test Driven Development model to Combinatorial Logic Oriented-ATDD model by incorporating combinatorial logic. Refinement with respect to combinatorial logic needs to be incorporated in all the stages of Software Development Life Cycle, i.e. starting from Software Requirement Specifications to User Acceptance Tests. This comprehensive approach derives the acceptance tests from user requirements effectively and efficiently. In this paper, the existing Indian Railway Reservation System is considered as a case study, and it was fully implemented as per proposed Combinatorial Logic Oriented-ATDD model.

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In rural and urban arenas, quantity of vehicle is expanding. To find parking area is turning into a primary concern. To design parking framework which is able to neglect physical efforts and also provide arena for vehicles parking. In later, instructive grounds are expanding which consist of Universities, designing, Art, Commerce and Science Colleges. The issue is parking spots either inadequate as indicated by the requests of understudies and staff or these spaces are ineffectively overseen. With each new individual entering college premises have an issue on grounds. In this method, we present the idea of the shrewd vehicle flow management. Here we will convey an Internet of Things (IoT) based framework which is utilized to detect the nearness and development of vehicles. Here, we have considered example of our V.I.I.T college campus to develop prototype which has 5 openings for each division. The vehicle flow management parking framework is creating in 2 stages. In the principal stage, the information, for example, vehicles utilized, offices, and so on about the educator and staff data will be gathered and information is grouped according to office. In the second stage, the observation camera is catching pictures of the vehicle. By utilizing a novel methodology like Quadrature lock-in Discrimination (QLD), decreasing poor visibility because of stray light or mist to peruse the vehicle plate number. For the majority of part, in existing propelled frameworks doesn’t give office shrewd separate stopping framework. We proposed a framework which has diverse vehicle flow management framework for various office and understudy/educator just from the office can stop in apportioned spaces. The framework utilizes Raspberry Pi has confederated with the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) per user, associated with a website page by means of its integrated Wi-Fi. RFID tags are distributed to college members and slot allocation is given dynamically by system.