Background: Ovarian cancer imposes a significant health burden worldwide. Although various tumor markers are available to diagnose ovarian cancer, low-resource countries like India require a humble marker or index. The Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) has been found to be a simple yet promising tool that can be used for this purpose. In this study, we attempted to validate various RMIs with the help of menopausal status, ultrasonogram score, cancer antigen (CA) 125 value and compare all four RMIs, which would be useful to differentiate benign and malignant ovarian masses. This could be an essential tool, especially in lowresource settings.Method: This prospective study was conducted at Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences in Odisha, India, from September 2020 to September 2022 involving 191 patients with ovarian mass with histopathology, which was deemed the "gold standard" diagnostic tool. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of RMI 1, 2, 3, and 4 were calculated and compared.Results: Out of 191 patients, 32 (16%) had malignancy and 159 (83.2%) had benign pathology. It was apparent that RMI 4 was a better tool for the initial assessment of patients with ovarian masses with a sensitivity of 80.6%, specificity of 96.2%, PPV of 81%, NPV of 96% at a cutoff of 334, and an area under the curve value of 0.939. Conclusion: RMI 4 followed by RMI 3 were relatively better indices than RMI 1 and RMI 2 for identifying benign and malignant ovarian masses. RMI 4 was a valuable and applicable method in diagnosing pelvic masses with a high risk of malignancy.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder affecting mostly reproductive age group women. It is characterized by clinical and biochemical evidence of anovulation, hyperandrogenism and a polycystic ovary in the ultrasound. The aim of the present study is to find out the prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in PCOS and the correlation of their cutaneous manifestations with body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: A hospital-based observational, prospective study was conducted with 251 patients over a period of 18 months. Patients were divided into two groups based on their BMI values (more than 25 and less than 25) and screened for cutaneous manifestations. Correlation between the cutaneous manifestations and BMI was noted. Results: Maximum number of manifestations were seen in overweight patients (n=189). Hirsutism was the most common cutaneous manifestation followed by acne. But the only statistically significant association noted in the present study was between acne and BMI (p-value 0.009). Conclusion: PCOS is a common disorder seen in females of the reproductive age group. Though the prevalence of cutaneous manifestations was more commonly seen in overweight (BMI between 25 and 30) and obese women (BMI >30), they were also found in lean groups. Hence evaluation and counselling regarding lifestyle modification are important not only for obese but also in lean PCOS.

Introduction: In-utero infusion of autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is found to be a novel approach to address the thin, non receptive endometrium leading to recurrent implantation failure. Aim: To estimate the efficacy of intrauterine PRP infusion in subfertile females affected with recurrent implantation failure via the conduction of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs). Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was done in electronic databases like Medline (through PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane database from January 2000 to November 2020 using keywords like “In-vitro Fertilisation” OR “IVF” OR “Intracytoplasmic sperm injection” OR “ICSI” OR “Embryo transfer” AND “Platelet rich plasma” OR “PRP” OR “Autologous platelet rich plasma” OR “Platelet rich plasma” and “recurrent implantation failure”. The randomised controlled trials, comparing intrauterine infusion of PRP versus no intervention or placebo in a study population of subfertile women with recurrent implantation failure and having medically confirmed pregnancy outcomes like live birth, clinical pregnancy, chemical pregnancy, and miscarriage were included in this systematic review. Studies with inadequate details in the methodology or result section were excluded from this analysis. This meta-analysis involved a pooled data analysis of 335 participants (174 cases and 161 controls) from four RCTs. Results: Compared with the control group, patients in the PRP group were found to have more beneficial effects in terms of implantation rate (Relative risks: 1.51, 95% Confidence interval: 0.94, 2.44; Heterogeneity: Tau²=0.08; I²=44%; Test for overall effect: Z=1.69, p-value=0.09) and clinical pregnancy (Relative risk: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.03; Heterogeneity: Tau²=0.12; I²=51%; Test for overall effect: Z=2.62; p-value=0.009). Conclusion: Intrauterine PRP infusion increases the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate in women undergoing the frozen embryo transfer cycle.