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This paper analyzes the performance and practical implementation of fuzzy-neural networks for the autonomous motion of mobile robots. The designed fuzzy-neural controller is a refined version of a conventional fuzzy controller, and was trained to optimize a given cost function minimizing positioning error. It was found that the mobile robot with fuzzyneural controller presents good positioning and tracking performance for different types of desired trajectories. It was verified by computer simulation as well as experimentally using a laboratory-scale car-like robot model.