We investigate the exponential f(Q) symmetric teleparallel gravitation, namely $f(Q)=Q+\alpha Q_0(1-e^{-\beta \sqrt{Q/Q_0}})$ using ME-GADGET code to probe the structure formation with box sizes Lbox = 10/100 Mpc/h and middle resolution $N_p^{1/3}=512$. To reproduce viable cosmology within the aforementioned modified gravity theory, we first perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling on OHD/BAO/Pantheon datasets and constrain a parameter space. Furthermore, we also derive theoretical values for deceleration parameter q(z), statefinder pair {r, s} and effective gravitational constant Geff, perform Om(z) diagnostics. While carrying out N-body+SPH simulations, we derive CDM+baryons over density/temperature/mean molecular weight fields, matter power spectrum (both 2/3D, with/without redshift space distortions), bispectrum, two-point correlation function and halo mass function. Results for small and big simulation box sizes are therefore properly compared, halo mass function is related to the Seth-Tormen theoretical prediction and matter power spectrum to the standard CAMB output.

Aims. This paper investigates the various spherically symmetric wormhole solutions in the presence of tidal forces and applies numerous methods, such as test particle orbital dynamics, ray-tracing, and microlensing. Methods. We make theoretical predictions on the test particle orbital motion around the tidal wormholes with the use of the effective potential normalized by L 2 . In order to obtain the ray-tracing images of both geometrically thin and thick accretion disks and relativistic jets, we modified the open source GYOTO code using a python interface Results. We applied this technique to probe the accretion flows near Schwarzschild-like and charged Reissner-Nordström (RN) wormholes; we assumed both a charged RN wormhole and a special case with a vanishing electromagnetic charge, namely the Damour-Solodukhin (DS) wormhole. We show that the photon sphere for the Schwarzschild-like wormhole presents both thin and thick accretion disks, even for the vanishing tidal forces. Moreover, we observe that r ph → ∞ as α → ∞, which constraints the α parameter to be sufficiently small and positive in order to respect Event Horizon Telescope observations. On the other hand, for the case of the RN wormhole, the photon sphere radius shrinks as Λ → ∞, as predicted by the effective potential. In addition to the accretion disks, we also probe the relativistic jets around the two wormhole solutions under consideration. Finally, with the help of star bulb microlensing, we approximate the radius of the wormhole shadow and find that for the Schwarzschild wormhole, R Sh ≈ r 0 for zero tidal forces and grows linearly with α. On the contrary, the shadow radius for charged wormholes slowly decreases with the growing DS parameter, Λ.

This paper aims to design and model a unibody hub and stub axle Wheel assembly to withstand rough terrain conditions while adhering to design optimization objectives of weight, costs, and manufacturability. For any ground vehicle, its dynamics and control behaviour are majorly governed by the design of its wheel assembly since it experiences all the major loads an ATV faces. We aimed to design and fabricate a unibody hub and stub axle that is lightweight and more durable in comparison to the present form of design in which the hub and stub axle is manufactured and assembled separately. The advantages of this unibody design are lesser components, easy replacement, and easy manufacturing. This report also considers the simulation of this unibody using FEM through Ansys, considering all the loads acting on the unibody. Also, the cost and strength comparison of different materials is done for the selection of the best material. Design is done in such a way to consider all the parameters such as performance, reliability, manufacturability, serviceability, weight, and cost. The model achieves a significant reduction in unsprung mass, improving the dynamic performance of the ATV, without requiring a change in suspension geometry. We also analyze the improvement in vehicle performance in shifting from the classic independent stub through hub design to this integrated unibody design.