Adenoviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses that are a significant cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Less commonly, the adenovirus family can cause a variety of gastrointestinal, ophthalmologic, genitourinary, and neurologic diseases. Most adenovirus infections are self-limited in the immunocompetent host and are treated with supportive measures. Fatal infections can occur in immunocompromised patients and less frequently in the healthy. Adenoviral vectors are being studied for novel biomedical applications including gene therapy and immunization. In this review we will focus on the spectrum of adenoviral infections in humans.

Abstract:Adenovirus is a family of double stranded DNA viruses that are a significant cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Less commonly, the adenovirus family can cause a variety of gastrointestinal, ophthalmologic, genitourinary, and neurologic diseases. Most adenovirus infections are self-limited in the immunocompetent host and are treated with supportive measures. Fatal infections can occur in immunocompromised patients and less frequently in the healthy. Adenoviral vectors are being studied for novel biomedical applications including gene therapy and immunization. In this review we will focus on the spectrum of adenoviral infections in humans.

There is a need to increase surgical capacity in LMICs; in particular, there is a need to bolster trauma and orthopedic care. Previous studies have suggested ways to allocate resources to build capacity. We recommend targeting the alleviation of these identified barriers in parallel with capacity building.

Background: Malnutrition is a major public health & nutrition problem in Nepal. It is associated with many risk factors like low birth weight, multiple birth, short spaced birth, extra diet, and iron supplementation in pregnancy etc. Objectives: This study aims at finding out the nutritional status of under-five Nepalese children of Borbote village, Ilam and risk factors associated with malnutrition. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Borbote village, Ilam. A total of 186 under-five children was selected by purposive sampling. Non parametric test was applied to find out statistical significance. Logistic regression method was used to identify the factors influencing the malnutrion. Results: According to WHO, 20% children were malnourished . of which 14% were moderately undernourished and 6% were severely undernourished. Mothers exclusively breast feeding for 6 months had only 20.0% low weight for age children and those who didn.t had 34.8% (P=0.041). Pregnant ladies who took iron supplements had 20.5% of low weight for age children compared to 37.1% (P =0.037) in those who didn.t take supplements. Malnutrition was found more in those who were below poverty line 27.94% (P=0.023) compared to those above poverty line 12.00%. Conclusion: Significant number of under-five children of Bortbote village was malnourished. Maternal factors have significant association with nutritional status of the children which include extra diet in pregnancy and lactation, iron supplements in pregnancy, exclusive breast feeding for six months. Extra attention should be provided by the Ministry of Health towards maternal and child health. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 111-118 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8217

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