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It was found that the bioactive compound, dibutyl phthalate, was produced by a new soil isolate Streptomyces albidoflavus 321.2. Once this active compound was recovered by ethyl acetate from the fermented broth, being possible to isolate 13.4 mg/l, it was purified by paper, silica gel column, thin layer and gas chromatography. Structure was determined by analysing UV, IR and GC-MS spectra. During analysis, such active compound showed strong activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as unicellular and filamentous fungi. The antimicrobial activity of the compound was reversed by the amino acid proline. No acute toxicity was observed.

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Over the past decade, herbal medicine has become an item of global importance, with both medicinal and economic implications. Thus, accurate scientific assessment has become a prerequisite for acceptance of herbal health claims. The plants of genus Ailanthus, belong to the family Simaroubaceae, is widely used in Ayurveda and evidence-based phytotherapy. Several species of the genus Ailanthus are widely distributed over Asia and north Australia and studied extensively over the last few decades. A compilation of the constituents isolated from different Ailanthus species covering the literature up to December 2008 is presented in the review. The botanical classification and ethno-pharmacology of Ailanthus plants, as well as the biological activities and pharmacological applications of both distinct phytochemicals and active plant materials (formulations, extracts etc.), are discussed in detail.