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Abstract-The success of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) signal modeling scheme largely depends on its accuracy and computational efficiency. Most of the modeling schemes suffer from inaccuracy because of unrealistic assumptions of complex GPR environment. In this respect full wave model (FWM) of GPR signal is a promising approach for accurate characterization of multi-layered media. However, large computation time of FWM compared to other simplified models makes the approach inefficient for real time application. In this work an FWM scheme is developed based on electric field equivalent magnetic current density at antenna phase center. The compact analytical expression of Green's function representing response due to layered media is derived. Then a plane wave model (PWM) is proposed by introducing a spreading factor based on simplified expression of the FWM. The model inversion is successfuly carried out by a gradient based algorithm. A stepped frequency continuous wave GPR in off-ground monostatic configuration is implemented in laboratory environment to verify performances of the models. Experimental analysis proves that the proposed PWM is as accurate as FWM, and its computation efficiency is enormous to detect layered media parameters.

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Shape of time domain signal is a deciding factor for ultra wide band (UWB) application in ground penetrating radar scenario. Ricker wavelet provides a good amount of desired bandwidth for geo radar application. Power content in 3db bandwidth and bandwidth equal to inverse of pulse width is more for Ricker wavelet in comparison to other shape of signal. Shaping of the short UWB impulse maximizes the transmit power. Very low Lower cut off frequency is a challenging issue for hardware design prospective if hardware has a very high upper cut-off frequency like a vector network analyzer (VNA). Time domain pulse shaping provides multiple advantageous features like range detection of target, electrical parameter measurement of soil, spatial resolution improvement etc in geo radar application. This paper describes a comparative study of other shape of pulses to Ricker wavelet i.e. (double derivative of Gaussian signal).