In this work, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-assisted optimization study has been carried out, implementing geometric design modifications in a biomass cook stove (BCS) to achieve uniform air–fuel distribution. The work has been divided into two parts. The first part deals with the numerical investigations of fluid phase hydrodynamics and air–fuel homogeneous phase combustion. Simulations have been performed for a wide range of air velocities to predict the roles of primary and secondary airflow in improving the spatial airflow uniformity inside the BCS. The homogeneous combustion simulations show linear dependence of power and temperature on the air velocity and air-to-fuel ratio. The results indicate that the most optimized power output and temperature values are achieved when the grate is placed at a height of 25 mm, and the orifice plate with 15 holes of 10 mm each is located at a height of 105 mm from the bottom of the cook stove.

6LoWPANs (IPv6-based Low-Power Personal Area Networks) are formulated by devices that are compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. To moderate the effects of network mobility, the Internet Protocol (IP) does not calculate routes; it is left to a routing protocol, which maintains routing tables in the routers. 6LowPAN uses an adaptation layer between the network (IPv6) and data link layer (IEEE802.15.4 MAC) to fragment and reassemble IPv6 packets. The routing in 6LoWPAN is primarily divided on the basis of routing decision taken on adaptation or network layer. The objective of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art survey of existing routing protocols: LOAD, M-LOAD, DYMO-Low, Hi-Low, Extended Hi-Low, and S-AODV. These routing protocols have compared on the basis of different metric like energy consumption, memory uses, mobility, scalability, routing delay, an RERR message, a Hello message, and local repair. We have also presented the taxonomy of routing requirement; parameter for evaluating routing algorithm, and it was found that the routing protocol has its own advantages depending upon the application where it is used.

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