Several groups are developing different versions of a new class of leadless, permanently implanted electronic devices with a size and form factor that allows them to be injected into muscles (BIONs TM ). Their circuitry is protected from body fluids by thin-walled hermetic capsules made from rigid and brittle materials (glass or ceramic) that include feedthroughs to their electrodes. These packages experience repetitive stresses from the very contractions that they excite. We here provide a worst-case analysis of such stresses and methods for testing and validation of devices intended for such usage, along with the failure analysis and remediation strategy for a design that experienced unanticipated failures in vivo.

The aim of the research was to develop E-glass/jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites with an addition of Al 2 O 3 and bone powder by using hand layup technique and to compare tribological properties of these composites under similar test conditions. The wear experiments were designed according to Taguchi's (L 27) orthogonal array with three control variables such as sliding velocity, filler content and normal load. The results indicated that the normal load for Al 2 O 3 and filler content for bone powder emerged as the significant factors affecting specific wear rate of hybrid composites. An addition of 10 wt% of bone powder or Al 2 O 3 into E-glass/jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites increased the wear resistance considerably, and natural waste bone powder can be used instead of ceramic filler Al 2 O 3 in hybrid composites. After the analysis of control factors, an optimal factor setting has been suggested for specific wear rate and coefficient of friction. Further, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for worn surfaces of hybrid composites were studied. Finally, a confirmation test was carried out to validate the results.

Several studies have been made to develop different versions of new leadless, permanently implanted small electronic devices that allow to be injected into muscles (BIONs™). Their circuitry should be protected from body fluids by thin-walled hermetic capsules of rigid and brittle materials such as glass or ceramic to include feed through for their electrodes. These packages experience repetitive stresses due to the muscle contraction from their excitations. This study provides a worst-case analysis of such stresses and methods to test and validate devices intended for such usage, along with the failure analysis and remediation strategy for a design that experienced unanticipated failures in vivo.