Objective: For the management of perioperative pain control during procedures like genitourinary surgery and labor pain instances when the sacral epidural space technique is utilized for the application of analgesia, caudal epidural anesthesia (CEB) is frequently used. CEB is an anesthetic that is injected through the sacral hiatus (SH) into the sacral canal. Anatomical features of sacral hiatus that are in-depth are needed for the best possible access to the sacral epidural area. By employing the sacral bone as a point of reference to failure parameters for evaluating caudal epidural anesthesia and refining the success factors in practice, this study intends to explore the anatomical structures and variations of the Sacral hiatus. Material and methods:  85 sacral bones had their alignment points measured precisely morphometrically. Virtual calipers were used to take the readings were used to evaluate those utilizing photogrammetric techniques. Results: Inverted U was the most frequent sacral hiatus form reported (33.32%), although bifida and 6.8% 3.44% of cases frequently missing sacral hiatus were also seen. The mean Sacral hiatus length was 28.67.0 mm, the mean intracorneal distance was 13.472.68 mm, and the mean gap between the apex of the Sacral hiatus and S2 sacral foramen was 34.677.08 mm.

Background: The coupled renal arteries typically supply the kidneys, which are retroperitoneal organs. However, there are frequent changes in the way that the renal arteries and their perihilar branches are presented. Aim: The aim of the current research is to evaluate the occurrence of various renal arteries and give a medical association between them. Materials and Methods: The research material consisted of 30 formalin-fixed cadavers.  While performing a regular abdominal dissection, the kidneys and their arteries were examined, and the morphological differences in the renal arteries were observed. Result: In 54.8% of the patients, numerous renal arteries were seen to arise from the abdominal aorta, including double hilar arteries (22.7%), triple hilar arteries (11.9%), superior polar and inferior polar arteries (13.2%), and numerous hilar and polar arteries (7.2%). Conclusion: For angiographic tests, kidney transplantation, and urological or radiological operations, understanding the renal vasculature, including its regular as well as variational structure, is essential. This information also makes embolization and angioplasties possible.clinical