Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in wound healing by forming new blood vessels from preexisting vessels by invading the wound clot and organizing into a microvascular network throughout the granulation tissue. This dynamic process is highly regulated by signals from both serum and the surrounding extracellular matrix environment. Vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin, fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta are among the potent angiogenic cytokines in wound angiogenesis. Specific endothelial cell ECM receptors are critical for morphogenetic changes in blood vessels during wound repair. In particular integrin (αvβ3) receptors for fibrin and fibronectin, appear to be required for wound angiogenesis: αvβ3 is focally expressed at the tips of angiogenic capillary sprouts invading the wound clot, and any functional inhibitors of αvβ3 such as monoclonal antibodies, cyclic RGD peptide antagonists, and peptidomimetics rapidly inhibit granulation tissue formation. In spite of clear knowledge about influence of many angiogenic factors on wound healing, little progress has been made in defining the source of these factors, the regulatory events involved in wound angiogenesis and in the clinical use of angiogenic stimulants to promote repair.

Standard treatment of mandibular angle fracture with miniplates according to recommendations of Champy et al. (1976) consists of fixation with one miniplate at superior border of mandible ventral to external oblique line. In certain constellations, second miniplate at lower border may provide additional stability. In this retrospective study 80 patients with mandibular angle fracture were divided into 3 sub-groups reported at DIRDS Faridkot were treated by intraoral, extraoral and combined intraoral and transbuccal approach. There was no significant difference in complication rates encountered with these techniques. Decision regarding treatment approaches for open reduction of mandible fracture often relates to surgeon's experience and training. In some cases, choice is affected by availability of equipment. More difficult cases involving endentulous atrophic mandible or comminution should be considered for extraoral approach. Intraoral open reduction and fixation was used for non-comminuted and non-complicated fractures. The combined transbuccal/ Intraoral procedure is now preferred method because of ease of use and facilitation of placement of plate in neutral mid point area of mandible.

In this survey 4.31% of the rural population of the district were having ENT ailments. The highest numbers rural population (35.65%) were having ear diseases. This was primarily due to low socioeconomic status and lack of awareness of the population. The nasal problem was seen in 23.57%, while throat problem was seen in 16.58%. The percentage of head neck malignancy in this survey was 0.0028.

Cementoblastoma is a relatively uncommon, benign odontogenic neoplasm of jaws. Mandible is affected more than the maxilla. The lesions are generally diagnosed on a routine radiograph. The localized expansion of cortical plates is observed. Radiographically, it consists of well-defined radiopacity with a radiolucent band. Here is a case report of a female aged 55 years having swelling in the right mandibular angle with an extraoral draining sinus. A panoramic radiograph shows a dense radiopaque mass along the roots of the third molar surrounded by a radiolucent band. Surgical excision was carried out and a histopathological examination was carried out which was suggestive of cementoblastoma.

Endoscopic endonasal optic nerve fenestration is a safe, minimally invasive, and extremely effective procedure for the management of IIH.