Background: Electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNs) was simple, non-invasive, and can administer the stimulus in a controlled manner. The studies related to the application of electrical VeNs in the management of sleep and autonomic parameters were sparse in the Indian population. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of electrical VeNs in the management of sleep and autonomic parameters in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of PD, both the genders, were recruited in the study by convenient sampling after obtaining written informed consent. After recording baseline parameters of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse rate, electrical VeNs was administered to the intervention group and placebo stimulation was administered to the control group for 12 weeks. Post-intervention parameters were recorded after 6 weeks and after 12 weeks after the intervention in both control and intervention groups. Results: There was a significant decrease in the ISI scores, pulse rate, and systolic blood pressure after the intervention in the participants of the intervention group. DBP was decreased but was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the ISI scores, pulse rate, and systolic and DBP before and after the intervention in the participants of the control group. Conclusion: The present study results support the improvement of sleep followed by electrical VeNs. The study recommends detailed studies in this area to support the incorporation of electrical VeNs in the management strategy of PD.

Objectives The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of electrical vestibular stimulation in improving cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methods Randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04450550). 30 cases of PD, including both males and females were recruited in the study by convenient sampling after obtaining written informed consent. After recruiting, the participants were randomly assigned into two groups. The control group (n=15) received placebo stimulation whereas the intervention group (n=15) received electrical vestibular stimulation administered for 12 weeks. Auditory, visual reaction time and spatial and verbal memory were recorded before and after 6 weeks and after 12 weeks of intervention and compared. Results There was a significant improvement in both auditory and visual reaction time of right and left-hand responses. Also, significant improvement was observed in both the spatial and verbal memory of the patients. Conclusions There was a significant improvement in the auditory and visual reaction time and spatial and verbal memory in the participants after the electrical vestibular nerve stimulation administration. No side effects were reported by the study participants and they have expressed willingness to continue the intervention after the study period also. The study recommends further detailed studies with a higher sample size to adopt electrical vestibular nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy in the management of Parkinson’s disease.

Background: The existing treatments for PD were associated with side effects and does not offer complete cure. Hence there is a need of alternative therapy which can prevent or delay the onset of PD with less or no side effects. Aim and objective: The overall objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation in the management of Parkinson’s disease. Materials and methods: 60 cases with PD, including both males and females, were recruited in the study by convenient sampling after obtaining written and informed consent. They were randomly grouped with 30 participants in each group. Control group received sham stimulation and the intervention group received electrical vestibular nerve stimulation for 12 weeks. After recording the baseline biochemical parameters, post intervention assessment was performed after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of intervention and compared. Results: Demographic variables were not statistically significant among the control and intervention groups. There was a significant increase in the dopamine and GABA levels followed by the intervention. Conclusion: The present study results support the positive impact of non-invasive electrical vestibular nerve stimulation in modulating neurotransmitters in patients with Parkinson’s disease. A further detailed translational study is required in this area with a larger sample size to generalize the results.

Background: It is hypothesized that electrical vestibular stimulation may be an effective adjunctive therapy in the management of Temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) in the management of pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 male and female participants newly diagnosed with TMD were recruited after obtaining the written informed consent. VeNS was administered for 4 weeks. Each daily session was for an hour (1 h), with three sessions being carried out each week. The pain was assessed using a numerical pain rating scale. The JFLS-8 is a short form for measuring global functional limitations of the jaw. The DASS-21 questionnaire is comprised of three self-reported scales to measure negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: Age, height, weight and, BMI were not significantly different between the control and intervention groups (Table 1). There was a significant decrease in the pain score in the intervention group when compared with the control group (P<0.001). Jaw function score was significantly improved followed by the intervention in the intervention group (P<0.001). Depression scores were significantly decreased followed by the intervention in the intervention group (P<0.001). Anxiety scores were significantly decreased followed by the intervention in the intervention group (P<0.001). Stress scores were significantly decreased followed by the intervention in the intervention group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study introduced new technology that is electrical VeNS for the management of pain. Electrical vestibular stimulation is effective in the management of pain and decreases the negative emotions that are depression, anxiety, and stress, and improves sleep quality in patients with temporomandibular disorders. The study recommends further detailed studies in this area to recommend electrical vestibular stimulation as adjunctive therapy for the management of pain.

Background: Assessment of the psychological and cognitive functions will give an indication of the development of vertigo. However, to support this view, there is very less literature available. Aim and Objective: The present study assesses the psychological and cognitive parameters in patients with vertigo. Materials and Methods: Sixty cases of vertigo within the 50 and 70 years and 60 age-matched non-controls were part of the study. A spatial and verbal memory test was administered to assess cognitive functions. DASS 42 was used to assess the psychological parameters. Results: Negative psychological emotions are significantly higher in vertigo patients. Spatial memory was significantly lower in the cases. Verbal memory was significantly lower in the cases. Conclusion: The study results suggest that there were higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and significantly lower levels of cognitive functions in the patients with vertigo when compared with healthy controls. The study suggests considering the psychological and cognitive parameters in diagnosing and managing vertigo.