Petroleum is a naturally occurring complex mixture containing predominantly hydrocarbons and a significant quantity of nitrogen and sulfur. Currently, no methods are available for the simultaneous determination of these components along with their boiling point distributions. Hence, a new analytical technique was developed for the quantification of petroleum components using “high temperature CNS-simulated distillation” (HT-CNS SimDis) equipped with flame ionization and chemiluminescence detectors. The method has the advantages of reporting percentage yield, percentage recovery, and total component determinations along with their boiling point distributions. Total sulfur and total nitrogen contents obtained by this technique are compared with that of the ASTM method. Presently this method is being applied for heavy petroleum fractions such as VGO samples. A new reference standard, “VGO NS reference”, was developed as a secondary standard for the quantification of sulfur and nitrogen. Requirement for less sample, accuracy, good repeatability, and speed of analyses are the key features of this technique.

Lithium-Cadmium ferrites with general formula Li0.5-x/2 Fe2.5-x/2 Cdx O4 (with x = 0,0.1,0.2....,0.7) were prepared by standard ceramic method. X-ray diffraction studies confirms single phase formation and lattice parameters were calculated. The crystal structure is cubic and lattice parameter increases with increasing Cd content. The infrared absorption (IR) spectra of all the samples were recorded in the range 200-800 cm-1 at room temperature in the KBr medium. Lithium ferrite shows four principal bands and some shoulders have been observed. The force constants Kt and Ko were calculated using Waldron's analysis. Scanning electron microscopy studies shows increase in grain size up to x = 0.1 and then the grain size decreases with increase in cadmium content.

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