https://jusst.org/thermal-instability-of-a-couple-stress-ferromagnetic-fluid-in-the-presence-of-variable-gravity-field-and-horizontal-magnetic-field-with-hall-currents-saturating-in-a-porous-medium/

The linear stability of a fluid layer containing nanoparticles has been examined in the presence of a solute gradient. The nanofluid is examined here is a hybrid nanofluid i.e., two different variety of nano-metal-particles are added in the base liquid which is heated and soluted from below. The linear stability hypothesis is implemented and the normal mode scheme is utilized to examine the stability/instability. The blend of two different types of nanoparticles in basefluid more deminishes the stationary state convection in contrast to the one nanoparticles for top-heavy dispension and solute gradient helps in early convection in a lower heated nanofluid layer.

Reliability testing of software is the key area of concern now-a-days; specially with the software which are safety critical and security prone systems. There is always a need of high software reliability. Most of the present models for evaluation of software reliability are based on statistical and probability approach. When we look into the use of these models for software reliability testing, we observe that there are possibilities of imprecision in the reliability estimation. For removing this imprecision, the Fuzzy logic and Fuzzy expert systems are used within various researches. The use of Fuzzy logic for reliability estimation can enhance the reliability of software even during the early stages of software development. Here we are giving a comparison analysis of few approaches and models proposed so far, for the estimation of software reliability and its improvement using Fuzzy logic.

A theoretical and numerical study has been made of a Soret driven Darcy-Maxwell anisotropic porous medium filled with nanofluid. The linear theory of stability analysis is employed and the well-known normal mode procedure is used to test the stability/instability. It is established that stationary mode Rayleigh number independent from relaxation time parameter and modified particle-density increment. The modified particle-density increment does not affect the oscillatory Rayleigh number. A comparison between an isotropic porous medium and an anisotropic porous medium has been made. The presence of nanoparticles helps in early convection while the solute parameter tries to stop early convection. The solute parameter does not change its destabilizing nature with the Soret parameter although the Soret parameter creates resistance in early convection. Soret effect increases the stationary Rayleigh number means to delay the convection. The mechanical anisotropy parameter is responsible for early convection while thermal anisotropy parameters delay the convection.