Objectives: We conducted this study to compare the safety and efficacy of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and holmium laser prostatectomy. Methods: A total of 30 patients eligible for surgery for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia were included in the study. They were randomized into two groups of 15 each. The patients were evaluated at 3 weeks, 3 and 9 months. Results: Preoperative parameters were comparable between the 2 groups. The mean operative time was longer in the holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) group (53 ± 9.84 vs. 43 ± 9.36 min; p = 0.001). The intraoperative adverse events were comparable. The mean traction time (26.80 ± 5.9 vs. 19.60 ± 3.6 h; p = 0.0001), irrigation time (30 ± 7.68 vs. 19.40 ± 1.15 h; p = 0.0001), and duration of indwelling catheter (78.20 ± 17.84 vs. 46.42 ± 14.25 h; p = 0.0001) were significantly less in the HoLEP group as compared to the TURP group. Two patients (13.66%) in the TURP group had significant hematuria. Two patients in the HoLEP group vs. none in the TURP group developed urinary incontinence (p < 0.05). Significant improvements were observed in IPSS score, PFRs and PVRs in both the groups and maintained at 9 months. Conclusions: HoLEP is safe and effective in the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia, with the advantage of reduced intraoperative hemorrhage and perioperative morbidity.

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Purpose During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, face-to-face teaching has been severely disrupted and limited for medical students internationally. This study explores the views of medical students and academic medical staff regarding the suitability and limitations, of a bespoke chatbot tool to support medical education. Methods Five focus groups, with a total of 16 participants, were recruited using a convenience sample. The participants included medical students across all year groups and academic staff. The pre-determined focus group topic guide explored how chatbots can augment existing teaching practices. A thematic analysis was conducted using the transcripts to determine key themes. Results Thematic analysis identified five main themes: (1) chatbot use as a clinical simulation tool; (2) chatbot use as a revision tool; (3) differential usefulness by medical school year group; (4) standardisation of education and assessment; (5) challenges of use and implementation. Conclusions Both staff and students have clear benefits from using chatbots in medical education. However, they documented possible limitations to their use. The creation of chatbots to support the medical curriculum should be further explored and urgently evaluated to assess their impact on medical students training both during and after the global pandemic.

Objective The incidence and outcome of first‐episode substance‐induced psychotic disorder (SIPD) are unclear. The study aimed to compare the 1‐year outcomes of those given a SIPD diagnosis by clinicians compared to other psychosis diagnoses in a first‐episode cohort. Method Data were from a large (n = 1027) cohort of first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients admitted to early intervention services in the UK (National EDEN). Diagnosis, including that of SIPD, was made by treating psychiatrists at baseline using ICD10 criteria. Details on symptoms, functioning, quality of life, relapse and recovery were available at baseline and 12 months. Results There were 67 cases of SIPD (6.5% of the cohort). At baseline, SIPD patients were no different to other psychoses on symptoms, functioning and quality of life. At 12 months, there was no difference in SIPD and other psychoses on functioning, quality of life or relapse and recovery rates. Levels of psychotic and general symptomatology were similar but depressive symptoms were higher in the SIPD group. Conclusions First‐episode psychosis patients with a diagnosis of SIPD do not appear to have better outcomes than those with other primary psychotic diagnoses. The higher levels of depressive symptoms may be a specific marker in these patients.