No abstract

In an effort to improve sustainability and reduce the cost of goods for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), pharma companies have partnered on varying portions of their supply chain with contract providers. This approach brings with it numerous cost benefits but also logistical challenges. However, it also offers opportunities to integrate sustainable science via green chemistry and engineering more holistically into the entire sequence. The ACS Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable (GCIPR) provides a multicompany industrial view on how to address the challenges and best meet cost goals while enhancing the overall sustainability of the global pharmaceutical industry.

Furosemide–Na–trihydrate displayed aqueous solubility of about 4000 fold higher than that of furosemide while furosemide–K–monohydrate has over 10 000 times improved solubility.

Only one X-ray crystal structure of the parent quinolone antibiotic nalidixic acid is known in the published and patent literature. A systematic search for new solid-state forms of the drug yielded two polymorphs (forms II and III) and six cocrystals with resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, orcinol, and phloroglucinol. Of these, X-ray crystal structures were determined for polymorph II and cocrystals with resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone, and pyrogallol, whereas the remaining solid forms were identified by their unique powder X-ray diffraction patterns. Nalidixic acid is intramolecularly O−H···O hydrogen bonded in a six-member ring, and its molecular dimers are assembled via C−H···O synthon. The OH donors on phenolic coformers H bond with the α-keto acid moiety of the drug as connectors and spacers. Intermolecular drug−drug C−H···O interactions in polymorphs are replaced by strong drug−coformer O−H···O hydrogen bonds in cocrystals.