<p>Benih merupakan cikal bakal dari suatu kehidupan tanaman yang harus memiliki mutu genetik, fisiologis, dan fisik yang baik. Namun untuk memahami benih itu apa dan bagaimana memperoleh mutu benih yang baik tidaklah mudah. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi proses untuk memperoleh mutu benih yang baik, yaitu faktor internal (faktor yang ada di dalam benih) dan faktor eksternal (faktor di luar benih atau ling-kungan). Konsep perbenihan dan implementasi di lapangan pada beberapa komoditas di Indonesia belum berjalan dengan baik, sehingga masih perlu penyempurnaan. Dalam konsep perbenihan yang menjadi fokus utama meliputi beberapa aspek, yaitu produksi, pengolahan benih, penyimpanan benih, analisis mutu benih, penanganan benih, distribusi, dan pemasaran benih. Permasalahan dalam usaha perbenihan mencakup ma-salah teknis dan nonteknis. Permasalahan nonteknis antara lain kondisi lingkungan masyarakat dan kebijak-an perbenihan pemerintah yang kurang mendukung lebih besar perannya dibanding dengan masalah teknis. Di samping itu juga pengertian/pemahaman benih masih kurang, informasi tentang teknologi benih juga ma-sih sangat sedikit, sosialisasi tentang tata cara permohonan ijin pemasukan dan pengeluaran benih dari dan ke luar negeri jarang dilakukan, dan sosialisasi pentingnya sertifikasi mutu benih masih sangat kurang. De-ngan demikian implementasi sistem perbenihan di Indonesia perlu disempurnakan. Untuk itu disarankan ke-pada pemerintah untuk membentuk “sistem kelembagaan perbenihan” sebagai pegangan dalam setiap usa-ha pengembangan/perluasan komoditas.</p><p> </p><p>Seeds are a set up of living plants, therefore it has to have a good genetic, physiology, and physic quality. However, to entirely understand what and how to get a good seed is not easy. Factors influencing to get a good quality of seed include internal and external factors. Seed production concept and implementation in Indonesia has not been well established. The concept comprises aspects, i.e. seed production, processing, storage, quality analysis, handling, distribution, and marketing. Problems involved in seed production include technical and non-technical problems. Non-technical problems are more troublesome than technical problem. These include society provision and less government-policy support for seed production system. Moreover, the people perception about seed are insufficient, information about seed technology is also limited, sociali-zation in seed import and export permit is rarely executed, and socialization about the importance of seed certification is inadequate. Therefore, implementation of seed production system needs to be improved. To do this, the government is suggested to put up a “seed institution system” as a guideline for crop develop-ment.</p>
<p>Serat sintetik yang selama ini banyak digunakan, dipandang tidak ramah lingkungan karena berpotensi men-jadi pencemar. Untuk itulah, inovasi untuk mendapatkan bahan yang lebih ringan, murah, dan ramah ling-kungan dikembangkan. Pemanfaatan bahan mentah berupa serat tanaman untuk bahan selain tekstil khu-susnya serat kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) banyak mendapat perhatian khusus dari berbagai kalangan. Tuju-an dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyeleksi dan menguji potensi bakteri selulolitik, pektinolitik, dan lignoli-tik indigenous dari air rendaman kenaf sebagai sumber inokulum pada proses retting kenaf. Eksplorasi dila-kukan dengan mengambil sampel air rendaman kenaf di Asembagus. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan dalam media Nutrient Broth (NB) dan Nutrient Agar (NA) yang merupakan media umum untuk bakteri. Isolat bakteri ke-mudian dikulturkan dan dipelihara dalam medium selektif mengandung carboxyl metylcellulase (CMC), pek-tin, atau lignin. Waktu optimal pertumbuhan sel dan nilai indeks selulolitik, pektinolitik, dan lignolitik ditentu-kan berdasarkan nisbah antara diameter zona bening di sekitar koloni dengan diameter koloni bakteri. Hasil eksplorasi didapat 8 isolat bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai bakteri selulolitik, pektinolitik, dan lignolitik; 1 iso-lat berpotensi sebagai bakteri selulolitik dan lignolitik; dan 2 isolat berpotensi sebagai bakteri pektinolitik; ser-ta 1 isolat berpotensi sebagai bakteri selulolitik. Hampir semua isolat memiliki waktu optimal pertumbuhan pa-da jam ke-12–18 dengan jumlah sel 21,9–267 juta sel/ml pada suhu 37oC.</p><p> </p><p>Synthetic fiber has been widely used and considered as an environmentally unfriendly product because its po-tency as a contaminant. For this reason, innovation to get lighter, cheaper, and environmentally friendly ma-terials is developed. Utilization of plant fibers for raw materials other than textiles especially kenaf fiber (Hi-biscus cannabinus) has received special attention from various communities. The aim of this research was to isolate indigenous cellulolytic, pectinolytic, and lignolytic bacteria from water retting of kenaf for inoculum sources in retting process of kenaf. Exploration of bacteria was done in Asembagus by collecting retting wa-ter of kenaf. Isolate was done in common media for bacteria, i.e Nutrient Broth (NB) and Nutrient Agar (NA), then the isolate bacteria were selected in a selective medium contained carboxyl metylcellulase (CMC), pectin, or lignin. Determination of optimal time of cell growth and value of index cellulolytic, pectinolytic, and lignolytic activity based on the ratio between the diameter of clear zone around the colony and diameter of the bacterial colony. The isolates collected from this study were 12 numbers, consist of 8 isolates of bacteria with cellulolytic, pectinolytic, and lignolytic ability; 1 isolate of bacteria with cellulolytic and lignolytic ability; 2 isolates of pectinolytic bacterium; and 1 isolate as cellulolytic bacterium. Almost all isolates have optimal time of growth at 12th18th hour with number of cells between 21,9267 million cell/ml at 37oC.</p>
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