Research suggests that women, but not men suffer negative professional consequences if they have children. These unequal consequences can be attributed to stereotypes about women's and men's roles as caregivers and breadwinners for their families, respectively. Two field studies of workplace mistreatment among middle‐class employees examined whether fathers who violate these gender stereotypes by actively caregiving for their families suffer negative consequences at work. Study 1 (N = 232) examined not man enough harassment (being derogated as insufficiently masculine) and Study 2 (N = 451) examined general forms of mistreatment. Results showed that caregiving fathers experience more harassment and mistreatment than traditional fathers and than men without children. Women without children experience more harassment and mistreatment than mothers, and mothers who spend less time on caregiving experience more harassment and mistreatment than mothers who spend more time on caregiving. We discuss implications for theory and practice.

Abstract-We measure and analyze the single-hop packet delay through operational routers in the Sprint Internet protocol (IP) backbone network. After presenting our delay measurements through a single router for OC-3 and OC-12 link speeds, we propose a methodology to identify the factors contributing to single-hop delay. In addition to packet processing, transmission, and queueing delay at the output link, we observe the presence of very large delays that cannot be explained within the context of a first-in first-out output queue model. We isolate and analyze these outliers.Results indicate that there is very little queueing taking place in Sprint's backbone. As link speeds increase, transmission delay decreases and the dominant part of single-hop delay is packet processing time. We show that if a packet is received and transmitted on the same linecard, it experiences less than 20 s of delay. If the packet is transmitted across the switch fabric, its delay doubles in magnitude. We observe that processing due to IP options results in single-hop delays in the order of milliseconds. Milliseconds of delay may also be experienced by packets that do not carry IP options. We attribute those delays to router idiosyncratic behavior that affects less than 1% of the packets. Finally, we show that the queueing delay distribution is long-tailed and can be approximated with a Weibull distribution with the scale parameter = 0 5 and the shape parameter = 0 6 to 0.82. Index Terms-Link utilization, queueing delay, single-hop delay measurement.

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Research suggests that women, but not men suffer negative professional consequences if they have children. These unequal consequences can be attributed to stereotypes about women's and men's roles as caregivers and breadwinners for their families, respectively. Two field studies of workplace mistreatment among middle-class employees examined whether fathers who violate these gender stereotypes by actively caregiving for their families suffer negative consequences at work. Study 1 (N = 232) examined not man enough harassment (being derogated as insufficiently masculine) and Study 2 (N = 451) examined general forms of mistreatment. Results showed that caregiving fathers experience more harassment and mistreatment than traditional fathers and than men without children. Women without children experience more harassment and mistreatment than mothers, and mothers who spend less time on caregiving experience more harassment and mistreatment than mothers who spend more time on caregiving. We discuss implications for theory and practice.Plenty of anecdotes exist about men getting teased and put down if they take leave, exercise flexible work options, or signal in other ways that they take care of children. An employee at a public utility company who took 3 weeks off when his second child was born explained, "Comments were made and my work

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