Children with visual impairment and a condition affecting their neurodevelopment (children with VND) may require extensive and specialised help but evidence on the most effective strategies for visual improvement is lacking. We defined a PICO format (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) for a scoping review and systematically searched 13 databases. Two reviewers assessed the abstracts for inclusion and a third arbitrated in cases of disagreement. We abstracted data from included studies. We found 4450 abstracts from which we identified 107 papers for inclusion. Of these, 42 related to interventions involving a change in visual input or function: 5 controlled trials, 8 before and after studies and 29 case reports. The strongest evidence supported the provision of spectacles to improve distance or near vision and the use of ultraviolet light as environmental modification for training. Less strong but suggestive evidence supported training/practice routines to improve acuity or oculomotor control. Interventions exist to help children with VND and current recommendations that they are assessed by a vision specialist are supported by the evidence. More information is needed on the effectiveness of training/practice programmes which may promote improved function, and of environmental modifications to facilitate engagement of children with VND with the surroundings.

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This is a chord ... this is another ... this is a third. NOW FORM A BAND. So went the first issue of British punk fanzine Sideburns, in 1977, in the "first and last part in a series". It might be 35 years old, but this will do nicely as a theory of data journalism in 2012. Why? Arguably punk was most important in its influence, encouraging kids in the suburbs to take up instruments, with little or no musical training. It represented a DIY ethos and a shake-up of the old established order. It was a change. Crucial to it was the idea: anyone can do it.Is the same true of data journalism? Do you need to be part of a major news operation, working for a big media company to be a data journalist? Now is the time to examine this. In May 2010, we published a piece at The Guardian on how journalists would be flooded with a "tsunami of data". A few years on and data journalism is part of the fabric of what we, and many other news organisations, do.What is it? I would say data journalism incorporates a wide range of styles -from visualisation to long-form articles. The key thing they have in common is that they are based on numbers and statistics -and that they should aim to get a "story" from that data. The ultimate display of that story, be it words or graphics, is irrelevant, I think: it's more about the process. There are even different streams now -short-form, quick-anddirty data visualisations of the kind we do every day on the Datablog, right through to complex investigations and visualisations such as our riots data analysis or the kind of projects from around the world, which made the

Practice nurses' perceptions of the nurse practitioner role have not been widely investigated. It is the aim of this study to identify considerations that would influence a practice nurse's decision to become a nurse practitioner. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 practice nurses in three primary care trusts in England. Collected data was examined by content analysis. It was found that confusion remains about the definition of the nurse practitioner role and the academic requirements to become one.