Composição bromatológica da silagem de capim-elefante com diferentes proporções de casca desidratada de maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa) RESUMOAvaliou-se a composição bromatológica das silagens de capim-elefante contendo diferentes níveis de inclusão (0; 10; 20 e 30%) de casca de maracujá desidratada (CMD) na matéria natural do capim-elefante, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 8 repetições. A gramínea foi cortada aos 60 dias de idade, triturada e ensilada juntamente com as proporções de CMD de cada tratamento. Após 30 dias, os silos foram abertos. Observou-se que a inclusão da CMD aumentou linearmente os teores de matéria seca (23,2 e 41,8 para os tratamentos 0 e 30%, respectivamente), favorecendo melhor fermentação da silagem, assim como os teores de proteína bruta (5,4; 8,5; 10,2 e 11,9) e carboidratos não-fibrosos (P<0,005). Os teores de fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, hemicelulose e celulose foram reduzidos, indicando que a casca de maracujá desidratada pode ser utilizada em até 30% de inclusão na silagem de capim-elefante. Palavras-chave: Composição química, ensilagem, subprodutosChemical composition of elephant grass silage with different proportions of dried passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa) ABSTRACTThe chemical composition of elephant grass silages containing different inclusion levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%) of dried passion fruit peel -CMD -in elephant grass natural material, was evaluated in a completely randomized design with eight replications. The grass was cut at 60 days old, crushed and ensiled together with CMD proportions of each treatment. Silos were opened 30 days after. It was observed that CMD inclusion linearly increased dry matter levels (23.2 and 41.8 for treatments 0 and 30% respectively), improving silage fermentation, as well as crude protein levels (5.4, 8.5, 10.2 and 11.9) and nonfiber carbohydrates (P<0.005). Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and cellulose levels deceased, indicating that dried passion fruit peel can be used in up to 30% of inclusion in elephant grass silage.

RESUMO Os benefícios que estão associados com a actividade física regular proporcionam uma vida independente, melhora na qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional durante o envelhecimento. O objectivo desse estudo foi comparar três programas de actividade física, especificamente, Caminhada, Hidroginástica e Lian Gong, a partir da capacidade funcional dos praticantes. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada através da Bateria de Testes de Fullerton. Participaram deste estudo 113 indivíduos divididos em três grupos: Caminhada (n=38), Hidroginástica (n=38) e Lian Gong (n=37), com idade entre 60 e 84 anos. A análise dos resultados revelou que o grupo Caminhada foi superior nos testes de força de membros inferiores e capacidade aeróbia, comparado com a Hidroginástica e o Lian Gong. Através do teste que avalia agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico, detectou-se uma inferioridade do grupo Lian Gong em relação aos outros dois grupos. Em relação ao teste que avalia força de membros superiores, o grupo Hidroginástica foi superior aos demais grupos. Mesmo considerando a ausência de um grupo controle, pode-se concluir que os programas de actividade física avaliados apresentam benefícios para a capacidade funcional e, consequentemente, à saúde das idosas. Além disso, pode-se afirmar que a Caminhada e a Hidroginástica se complementam na manutenção das capacidades motoras de idosos.

The aim of this study was to verify if older adults would benefit from a self-controlled schedule of knowledge of performance (KP) in the motor skill learning. The study's participants included 22 women and 18 men, with an average age of 68 years (SD = 2.95 years). These were divided into two groups: "Self", in which participants had control over when they received KP, and "Yoked", in which participants received KP in a paired manner with the Self group. The learning task was golf putting. Results showed that the groups had similar scores for accuracy and consistency of performance. Results also showed that KP requests were more based on bad than good trials. It appears that the important variable for motor learning is not who controls the provision of feedback, but the older adults' ability to use the information.

The provision of feedback is a crucial factor for the evolution of the learner’s performance. It is known that the knowledge of performance has the function of guiding the learner’s attention to critical aspects of the movement pattern. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of frequency of knowledge of performance (KP) during the acquisition of the basketball free throw in older persons. Sixty active individuals (men and women) aged 60–69 years of age, divided into three experimental groups received KP in 100, 66, and 33% of their attempts during three practice sessions totaling 90 trials. The task was the basketball free throw. Volunteers were asked to conduct tests of immediate retention, 24 h retention, and 24 h transfer test, after the last practice session. During the acquisition phase, the volunteers received KP on the movement pattern on the previous attempt, which was obtained from a qualitative hierarchical checklist of the free throw (14 items). Sessions were recorded in order to confirm whether volunteers were able to score throughout sessions. ANOVA indicated that all individuals showed an improved performance in the retention and transfer tests. But the KP frequency of 66% was superior in both qualitative (movement pattern) and quantitative (score) measurements throughout the trials (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion older persons seem to need an optimal KP frequency supply during the learning process.

The consumption, digestibility, and performance was evaluated of lambs fed silage elephant grass containing different inclusion levels of passion fruit peel dried (0, 10, 20 and 30%) in natural matter of elephant grass, in a randomized completely randomized design with four replications. The elephant grass was cut at 60 days of age, chopped and ensiled in barrels along with the proportions of dried passion fruit peel, according to each treatment. After 30 days, the silos were opened for evaluation. It was observed that the inclusion of the residual affected the intake and digestibility of certain nutrients (P<0.05). Effect was observed for average daily weight gain and total gain of the lambs, and for every 1% of dried passion fruit peel added the ADG increased 2.42%. The feed conversion showed decreasing linear effect (8.9, 9.2, 8.6 and 7.2), respectively, among treatments. It is concluded that the dried passion fruit peel can be added up to 30% of the elephant grass. Key words: Consumption, ensilage, Passiflora edulins Abstract Avaliou-se o consumo, a digestibilidade, e o desempenho de silagens de capim-elefante, contendo diferentes níveis de inclusão (0; 10; 20 e 30%) de casca de maracujá desidratada na matéria natural do capim-elefante, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições. O capim elefante foi cortado com 60 dias de idade, picado e ensilado em tonéis juntamente com as proporções de casca de maracujá desidratada conforme cada tratamento. Após 30 dias de armazenagem os silos foram abertos para avaliações. Observou-se que a inclusão do resíduo influenciou o consumo e a digestibilidade de alguns nutrientes (P<0,05). Houve efeito para o ganho de peso médio diário e ganho total dos cordeiros, sendo que para cada 1% de casca de maracujá desidratada adicionada elevou-se 2,42% o GMD. A conversão alimentar apresentou efeito linear decrescente (8,9; 9,2; 8,6 e 7,2), respectivamente, entre os tratamentos, permitindo concluir que, a casca de maracujá desidratada pode ser utilizada em até 30% de inclusão ao capim-elefante.