OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to find a correlation between pleural separation and amount of aspirated effusion. METHODSTotal 20 adult patients with 25 effusions were taken into the study with chest x-ray showing homogeneous opacity in either one or both of the lung field, which was confirmed on USG. Only uncomplicated pleural effusion were taken into study. Effusion with septations or encysted effusion or pyothorax were excluded from the study. RESULTSThe separation between two pleura was measured in millimeters and aspirated effusion in milliliters. A positive correlation was noted between these two measurements and relationship is given by a simplified equation. CONCLUSIONBy using this simple equation, we can quantify the pleural fluid quickly in day-to-day practice as well as ICU setting, which can be a useful guide for planning and management for aspiration. CONSENTAs all the patients were adult and fully conscious, informed consent was taken from all of them.

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Cystic echinococcosis also called as hydatidosis is the larval cystic stage of a tapeworm (Echinococcus Granulosus) that may cause illness in humans (Intermediate host) and can involve any organ including the liver, lung, heart, brain, kidneys and long bones. Primary or exclusive involvement of muscle is extremely rare and these are usually secondary in nature. [1], [2] We are presenting here an extremely unusual and rare case of extensive primary intramuscular (Right calf muscle) hydatid cyst found in popliteal fossa and lower leg of a 65-year-old women who presents with enlarging swelling of right calf for 15 years and pain for 7 days. The patient was sent to the Radiology Department for further investigations and the presence of hydatidosis was confirmed on routine ultrasound followed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and was further verified by histopathology. Hydatidosis should always be included as the differential of an unusual muscular mass in the endemic regions. Few of the earlier reported cases of primary intramuscular (Calf muscle) hydatid have localised involvement of calf muscle by one or few cysts. Our case is unusual and unique, as there is extensive involvement of calf muscle by multiple hydatid cysts.

Annular pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the band of pancreatic tissue of variable width partially or completely encircling the duodenum. This abnormality, although at times clinically silent or may be the cause of a broad spectrum of diseases. Complications range from neonatal intestinal obstruction to more complex pathologies in the adult such as pancreatitis, duodenal stenosis or duodenal or gastric ulceration. This condition is important to recognise, because radiologists are usually the first person to diagnose such condition. We report the case of a young patient of 10 years old female hospitalized for epigastric pain and repeated episodes of vomiting, in whom radiological investigations showed an annular pancreas. No other congenital anomaly of the intra-abdominal organs was noted. Both the rarity of this congenital abnormality and its probability of successful correction by surgical means have prompted us to make the following presentation.

We report a very rare case of unusual pelvic pain, i.e. left ureteral duplication with a blind ending distal branch showing ureteroureteral reflux, also called as yo-yo, saddle, or seesaw reflux. Most of the cases of partial duplication of PCS reported till now involves the calyces, pelvis, and proximal ureter, which fuses and urine from one of them gets into other called as yo-yo reflux [1], [2] . In our case, there is no separate PCS or duplication of proximal part, but bifurcation is seen in the distal end. [3] This entity is very difficult to suspect and diagnose clinically. We illustrate the role of Intravenous Urography (IVU) and CT urography in the evaluation of such cases.