This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of multimedia-based learning on the academic achievement of science subjects in junior high school students. The method used in this research is descriptive. This study involved 40 junior high school students in Malaysia. The research sample was divided into two groups, namely conventional (control) and experimental (based on multimedia). Data obtained by providing pre-test and post-test to students. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A normality test is performed to determine the distribution of data. Data were analysed with a 5% T-test. The results of the analysis on the pre-test scores indicate that students in conventional and experimental teaching have the same level of knowledge, whereas in the post-test scores there are significant differences between traditional teaching scores and multimedia teaching. The finding of this study also showed that the student-centered learning approach was suitable for learning science subjects for secondary education. Students were found more active in engaging themselves in their learning and contribute to higher academic achievement in the post-test result. In conclusion, the use of multimedia elements in learning materials enables students to learn at their own pace. Through learning with the integration of multimedia-mediated content, student achievement in science subjects is enhanced, and it has helped students to develop a better understanding of science concepts and ideas.

Background: small dense Low Density Lipoprotein (sdLDL) was the most atherogenic lipoprotein. Its influenced by internal and external factors including food consumption. Indonesian people mostly take a diet of high carbohydrate (CH) and fried food that believed to correlate with higher sdLDL level and predisposed to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). There were 2 types of CH based on the processing ways, refined and non-refined CH.Objectives: The study’s purpose was to prove the correlation between different types of CH and fat intake with the sdlDL level in CHD patients.Methods: cross sectional in CHD patients hospitalized at Dr Kariadi hospital. The sdLDL and others lipid profile examined. The type and amount of CH and fat intakes per-day were collect from an interview using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) and food models. Pearson and Spearman test used for bivariate analysis. Confounding factors age, gender, physical activity, diabetes mellitus and smoking were analyzed. Variables with p<0,25 was included in multivariate analysis using linear regression test.Results: There were 30 samples with CHD came with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Mean of total CH intake per day was 267.75 gram. Mean of percentage of CH from total calories per day was 55.93%. This number was higher than advised which is 30-130 gram or <45% of total calorie per day. Mean of refined and non-refined CH intake was 161.80 and 57.81 gr/day. The total CH mostly from refined CH (76%) rather than non-refined. Mean of fat intake was 68 gr/day (32.76% of total energy per day), and the mean of sdLDL level was 26,54 mg/dl. Correlation between refined CH vs non-refined CH with the sdLDL levels (r=0.328; p=0.077 vs r=-0.184;p=0.331). Correlation between fat intake and sdLDL levels (r=0.44;p=0.15). Multivariate analysis was analyzing refined CH fat intake and age with sdLDL level (r=0,28;p=0,13 vs r=0.45;p=0.01 vs r=-0.15;p=0.44). There is significant correlation between fat intake and sdLDL levels with r=0.45Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between fat intake and sdLDL levels in CHD patients. There is no significant correlation between refined and non-refined carbohydrates with sdLDL levels in CHD patients.

From a cross sectional study on height and weight of children from 6 to 14 years of age, percentile curves were drawn. This study was done in Bandung during a period of 10 months in 1973. The subjects were obtained from 215 elementary schools and 17 Kindergartens and 65,809 pupils were measured. Only 15,099 children were selected for this study based on their birthdates. The 1Oth, 30th, 50th, 70th and 90th percentiles, mean and standard deviations were calculated and plotted in graphs. Data within the range + and - 2 SD were considered normal. Data in the category between + 2 SD and 90th percentile were considered "Tall or heavy", between 30th and 70th percentiles "Average" and between 10th percentile and -2 SD "Short or light". Data outside the limits of -+- 2 SD were considered extremes. These graphs can be recommended in following the growth of children transversally as well as longitudinally.

Background: The reduction of right ventricular function after heart valve surgery was associated with mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery, prolonged ICU length of stay, and higher hospital cost. Inspiratory muscle training can be considered for improving right ventricular systolic function by optimizing afterload dan cardiac contractility. The study aims to determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training on right ventricular systolic function in patients after heart valve surgery.Methods: Patients undergoing heart valve surgery were randomized into a conventional preoperative rehabilitation group and conventional preoperative rehabilitation added high-intensity inspiratory muscle training at least 14 days before surgery. Echocardiography examination was performed before rehabilitation and after cardiac surgery.Results: There were 24 subjects consist of 12 control group and 12 intervention group. By using independent t-test or Mann Whitney test, we found significant differences on right ventricular function between intervention and control group, by using RV free wall strain (17.7 + 3.0% and 14.4 + 4.0%; p=0.033), RV FAC (43.2 + 4.9% and 35.1 + 8.8%; p=0.006), and TAPSE (12.7 + 3.4 mm and 9.9 + 2.7 mm; p=0.039). ICU length of stay in the intervention group was significantly shorter than the control group (3.2 + 0.8 and 4.2 + 1.3 days; p=0.044).Conclusion: Patients underwent conventional preoperative rehabilitation added inspiratory muscle training had better right ventricular systolic function than patients in control group.