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The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of composted animal waste in biodegradation of hydrocarbon in a cost-effective, efficient, and environmental-friendly manner. The contaminated soil sample was collected from Ojoo area in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Two different types of compost – sheep-waste-sawdust (SPW-SD) and goat-waste-sawdust (GTW-SD) were applied to a soil at a rate (0 g, 750 g, 450 g). The result depicted that the contaminated soil experienced an enhanced natural bioremediation due to the applied bioremediation agents and the contaminated soil treated with SPW-SD gave best results. Samples remediated with SPW-SD and GTW-SD showed a Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiency of 55.4% and 7.9% respectively. Analysis showed that oil type, compost rate and period of application influenced the bioremediation process. From the results, composted organic waste application is a good and efficient way of remediating hydrocarbon impacted soil.

The fragmented nature of construction operations makes it challenging to implement carbon-reduction strategies. However, attaining a holistic construction sector decarbonisation hinges upon ensuring all aspects of a construction project’s lifecycle are decarbonised, including the construction process stage. Therefore, to mitigate the implementation challenge of reducing the levels of carbon involved in construction processes, this study attempts to synthesise and categorise carbon-reduction strategies that could be employed to decrease the carbon footprint during a construction projects’ delivery. To achieve the aim of this study, a systematic literature review approach was adopted. Based on this technique, a total of 26 relevant articles within the built environment research area were eligible for the study, and their analysis revealed 56 carbon minimisation measures, which were summarised into nine distinct categories to ease their application and overcome the construction operations’ complexities. The nine categories include material transport, waste transport, materials and equipment, waste, materials, on-site office, on-site lighting, on-site transportation of material and equipment, and construction methods. The findings of this study provide contractors with a suite of measures that can be deployed to reduce the carbon impact of construction project delivery.