Training in the agricultural sector has been set as a continuing government agenda to educate people in rural areas. This study aims to identify several determinants that play a key role in developing sustainable agropreneurs in the Bottom 40 (B40) group in Perak, Malaysia. To this end, data were collected from 200 participants in the Agropreneur Community Training Program (ACTP). A quantitative research method was used for describing and analysing the collected data. The results showed that an internal factor, which was the agropreneurs’ attitudes towards behaviour, displayed a significant positive relationship with the expansion of the farm. As for the external factors, the results showed that family support and social networking have a significant positive relationship with increased income. Moreover, the results revealed that subjective norms exhibited a significant negative relationship with increasing income. Accordingly, more representative samples are required to verify the results of the postulated relationships between the internal and external factors of becoming a sustainable agropreneur in rural areas. The agricultural sector has become a pressing global concern, with issues such as natural disasters, wars, and climate change. Thus, the results of this study provide several theoretical and practical insights for government agencies, especially in developing countries, to execute more viable training programs for agropreneurs.
The inception of technology in the financial world has spawned many innovative financial activities, including crowdfunding. Since the emergence of crowdfunding, fundraising activities have flourished, enabling the implementation of many innovative projects and businesses, including agricultural projects. However, it is a major challenge for a crowdfunding platform to maintain the flow of donations. Most crowdfunding platforms lose half of their donors after their first donation. Therefore, this study proposes the use of gamification to increase and maintain individuals' donations on a crowdfunding platform. In addition, this study also examines the role of user experience as a mediating variable between gamification and donor intention on the crowdfunding platform. Data for this research were collected through a survey using a structured, self-administered questionnaire and involving 148 Muslim donors. Hypothesis testing revealed that gamification positively influences user experience, but not donation intention on a crowdfunding platform. Meanwhile, user experience successfully plays a mediating role. Thus, the results lead to a discussion on the justification of using gamification and suggestions for future research.
Inovasi merupakan aspek yang penting dalam sektor pelancongan. Persekitaran luaran yang semakin mencabar mendorong sesebuah perniagaan untuk berinovasi supaya dapat terus berdaya saing. Program homestay merupakan satu bentuk aktiviti pelancongan luar bandar yang mempunyai keunikan tersendiri dan berpotensi menyumbang kepada pembangunan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Namun, limitasi kesedaran pengusaha program homestay terhadap kepentingan pelaksanaan inovasi boleh menyebabkan sebilangan program homestay tidak berdaya saing. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menkaji keupayaan pelaksanaan inovasi produk dan mengenal pasti faktor penentu yang mempengaruhi inovasi tersebut dalam program homestay. Lapan buah program homestay di Semenanjung Malaysia telah dipilih berdasarkan kepada beberapa kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Temu bual bersemuka telah dijalankan bersama penyelaras program homestay yang terlibat dan teknik analisis kandungan digunakan dalam analisis data.Dapatan kajian menunjukkan inovasi produk yang paling ketara dilaksanakan ialah peningkatan kualiti penginapan, keunikan pakej aktiviti desa dan perkembangan perusahaan industri kecil dan sederhana. Manakala empat faktor penentu inovasi yang ditemui adalah orientasi pasaran, semangat keusahawanan, sokongan kerajaan dan pengetahuan. Implikasi praktikal kajian ini adalah sumbangan data empirikal yang dapat digunakan oleh pihak industri sebagai panduan untuk menaik taraf program homestay di Malaysia supaya lebih berdaya maju. Kata kunci: Inovasi produk; faktor penentu inovasi; program homestay; pelancongan luar bandar; Semenanjung Malaysia.
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