Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with variable disease courses and complications, which in some cases can result in significant morbidities and disabilities. Etiologies remain unclear due to complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Considering the heterogeneity of inflammatory bowel diseases, personalized approaches in diagnosing and managing affected patients would be beneficial in maximizing treatment efficacies and minimizing adverse events. Personalized medicine may also help to stratify patients with a high risk of progression and inflammatory bowel disease‐related complications and identify sub‐phenotypic mechanisms to facilitate drug discovery and the development of new treatments. In Asia, with a rapidly increasing incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases, studies have shown that patients of Asian ethnicity differ from their Western counterparts in terms of genetic and clinical aspects of inflammatory bowel diseases. Therefore, personalized medicine may differ for patients of Asian ethnicity with inflammatory bowel diseases. We reviewed and summarized current evidence concerning personalized medicine for the diagnosis and management of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and its possible role from an Asian perspective.

Background/Aims: Efficacy of proton pump inhibitors is limited in patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy and safety of esomeprazole with sodium bicarbonate and esomeprazole alone.Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, noninferiority comparative study. A total of 379 patients with NERD were randomly allocated to receive either Esoduo Ⓡ (esomeprazole 20 mg with sodium bicarbonate 800 mg) or Nexium Ⓡ (esomeprazole 20 mg) once daily for 4 weeks from January 2019 to December 2019. The patients had a history of heartburn for at least 2 days in the week before randomization as well as in the last 3 months and no esophageal mucosal breaks on endoscopy. The primary endpoint was a complete cure of heartburn at week 4. The secondary and exploratory endpoints as well as the safety profiles were compared in the groups at weeks 2 and 4.Results: A total of 355 patients completed the study (180 in the Esoduo Ⓡ group and 175 in the Nexium Ⓡ group). The proportions of patients without heartburn in the entire 4th week of treatment were not different between the two groups (33.33% in the Esoduo Ⓡ group and 35% in the Nexium Ⓡ group, p=0.737). There were no significant differences in most of the secondary and exploratory endpoints as well as the safety profiles.Conclusions: Esoduo Ⓡ is as effective and safe as Nexium Ⓡ for managing typical symptoms in patients with NERD (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT03928470).

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