Workplace bullying is currently a worldwide concern among nurses (American Nurses Association, 2015). In the United States, approximately 60% of nurses were exposed to workplace bullying (Hampton et al., 2019). The Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare (2018) revealed that 41% of nurses reported being a direct victim of or a witness to workplace bullying. In the hierarchical culture of health care settings, nurses are particularly considered vulnerable targets of workplace bullying and researchers have suggested to speak of oppressed group behaviours (Hedin, 1986;Roberts et al., 2009). Oppressed group behaviours lead to aggression towards one's own group (Hedin, 1986;Roberts et al., 2009). Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are one of the most severe psychological responses to workplace bullying (Laschinger

What is known on the subject?• The importance of and interest in nurses' attitudes towards and subjective experience with workplace violence in clinical settings is increasing.• The prevalence of patient-perpetrated violence against Korean nurses in hospital settings is highly prevalent.• Only few instruments are available to measure the nurses' perception of patient aggression in Korea. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?• This is the first study to assess the linguistic and psychometric reliability and validity of an instrument that evaluates the attitude of Korean nursing staff towards patient-perpetrated workplace violence. What are the implications for practice?• This valid and reliable instrument could be used to assess and monitor the nurses' attitudes towards aggressive tendencies in the workplace.• The results could contribute to the development of relevant interventions for coping with violence by patients towards nursing staff and the implementation of practical training to cultivate healthy perceptions towards patients to foster therapeutic nurse-patient relationships.

This study was a psychometric validation of a Korean version of the Anticipated Turnover Scale (ATS) involving translation, transcultural adaptation, and validation.We used data from a cross-sectional online survey of 287 Korean practicing nurses in hospitals. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed the validity of the onefactor structure that was hypothesized in the original version. We removed any items that did not enhance the scale's reliability and validity. Test and retest reliability was performed on 206 of the nurses who completed the survey again two weeks later. The mean age of the 287 nurses was 33 years, and 278 (97%) of them were female. The final 6-item Korean version of the ATS demonstrated a satisfactory model fit in the CFA (χ 2 = 22.67; degree of freedom = 9; goodness-of-fit in-dex= 0.97; comparative fit index = 0.98; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.97; root mean square error of approximation = 0.07; and standard root mean residual = 0.03). The intraclass correlation coefficient with the test-retest reliability for the 2-week interval was 0.81, with a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85;McDonald's omega coefficient reliability = 0.92). The 6-item revised ATS is a reliable and valid scale to assess the turnover intention of Korean nurses who work in hospitals. It can be used in an acute setting and predict the anticipated turnover rate for monitoring purposes.

Background Workplace violence has had a significant and negative psychological impact on nursing professionals worldwide. Concerted efforts worldwide to improve work environments have not yet removed nursing professionals from the threat of violence in East Asia. This study aimed to examine the differences in the rate, associated factors, and post-traumatic responses to workplace violence between South Korean nurses and Chinese nurses in Hong Kong among East Asian countries. Methods A cross-sectional, correlational study design recruited a total of 471 nurses (319 South Korean nurses and 152 Chinese nurses in Hong Kong) at online communities in South Korea and Hong Kong. The data were collected by conducting a Qualtrics survey from January 15, 2020, to July 24, 2021. A structured questionnaire was administered for data collection, including rate of workplace violence, perception of workplace violence, attitudes toward workplace violence, coping styles, post-traumatic cognitions, post-traumatic stress disorder, post-traumatic growth, and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress). T-test, chi-squared, and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25. Results In our sample, 30.7% South Korean nurses and 31.6% Chinese nurses in Hong Kong had experienced workplace violence. South Korean nurses and Chinese nurses in Hong Kong with experience of workplace violence had lower perceptions of it. Nurses with experience of workplace violence reported lower levels of mental health, and this trend was more prominent among South Korean nurses. Conclusions Our study findings showed a positive association between workplace violence and post-traumatic responses in both settings. We found that the close monitoring of post-traumatic responses associated with workplace violence could be improved by enhancing the nurses’ perception of workplace violence.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) has been portrayed as a synthetic lethal target in cancers with homologous recombination deficiency. As all four PARP inhibitors on the market target both PARP1 and PARP2 isotypes, hematological toxicity issue emerged by PARP2 inhibition. To address the unmet need, we screened and optimized compounds exempt from the toxicity issue. Here, we present DM5167 as a new molecular entity with 0.41 nM of IC50 on the catalytic activity of PARP1. In addition, DM5167 exhibits an inhibitory profile against various PARP isotypes that differs from the four commercial PARP inhibitors. Specifically, DM5167 shows selectivity for PARP1 6.88 and 347.83 fold greater than PARP2 in the in vitro enzyme assay and DNA trapping assay, respectively. This contrasts with the corresponding PARP1/PARP2 selectivity values of 0.14 and 0.89 fold for olaparib, respectively. Moreover, DM5167 showed higher selectivity than AZD5305 in the enzymatic assay. The GLP toxicity studies assigned DM5167 as a safe compound based on its high NoAEL value, a general toxicity parameter. In addition, the safety margin of DM5167 was acceptable, indicating that DM5167 is a plausible drug candidate. To find suitable indications, we screened various human cancer cell lines using their inhibitory potentials against proliferation and colony formation. Several hits were seen in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines including MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-468 and HCC1395. In an orthotopic xenograft experiment in which MDA-MB-231 cells were implanted, oral administration of 50mpk of DM5167 inhibited tumor growth by 45.8%. In contrast, olaparib failed to reduce xenograft tumors derived from MDA-MB-231 cells. Collectively, these studies present DM5167 as an attractive anti-TNBC drug candidate. Citation Format: Sujin Nam, Jiyoung Chae, Kyung-Ok Cho, Tae-Sung Koo, Jungho Kim, Myungeun Jung, Jeongmin Kim, Eunhee Kim. DM5167, a novel selective PARP1 inhibitor, efficiently reduces growth of triple-negative breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 509.