In patients with AF undergoing rheumatic valvular surgery, radiofrequency radial approach is as effective as modified Cox's maze III for conversion to NSR with better atrial transport function.

A persistent left superior vena cava is an anomaly found in association with many congenital heart disorders. However its presence along with absence of the right superior vena cava is a very rare congenital anomaly. This anomaly has implications in various interventional procedures and in cardiac surgery. We present here a case with absence of the right SVC and a persistent left SVC found in association with an ostium secundum atrial septal defect.

Aortic aneurysms and pseudo-aneurysms are a rare occurrence in the pediatric age group. True aneurysms are usually related to infection or to inherited disorders while pseudo-aneurysms occur following trauma or infection. We present a case of a pseudo-aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta in a 13-month-old child, who presented with life-threatening massive hemoptysis. Though no clear-cut etiologic factor was identified on clinical examination and investigations, presence of neutrophilic infiltration in the wall suggested an infective nature.

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