Original Research ArticleA correlative study to evaluate the gestational age by sonological measurement of placental thickness in normal second and third trimester pregnancy Sujit Pant 1 , Sunita Dashottar 2 * INTRODUCTIONAccurate knowledge of the Gestational Age (GA) is important for the good antenatal care and the successful deliveries of babies. The most useful information provided by the obstetrics ultrasound is the accurate determination of the gestational age. 1 As significant numbers of pregnant women are unsure of their last menstrual period, determination of the gestational age mostly relies solely on sonographic measurements of the fetal parts such as the biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), occipito-frontal diameter (OFD), ABSTRACTBackground: The dating of the pregnancy starts well before the fertilization has occurred because the gestational age is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP). Accurate knowledge of the Gestational Age (GA) is the key for the good antenatal care and successful deliveries of babies. Menstrual history can be unreliable or misleading at many times. There may be fallacy in the measurement of the fetal biometric parameters in estimating the gestational age in some situation. So, there is a need of another parameter for supplementing the gestational age estimation with minimal error. The aim of the study was to evaluate the placental thickness as a parameter for estimation of gestational age and also to assess the growth pattern of placenta with advancing gestational age. Methods: A total of 110 pregnant women who selected randomly from the antenatal clinics (between the gestational ages from 14 weeks to 40 weeks) who did not have any maternal or fetal complications. The biometric parameters: Biparietal Diameter (BPD), Head Circumference (HC), Abdominal Circumference (AC), Femur Length (FL) and the Placental thickness (PT) were measured by ultrasound machine LOGIQ P5 unit with a curvilinear 3.5 MHz transducer. Mean value of the placental thickness along with the standard deviation (SD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each gestational age from 14 weeks to 40 weeks. Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression analysis was done quantifying the relationship between the gestational age in weeks and the placental thickness in millimetres. Results:The mean values of placental thickness show a perfect positive relationship (increasing trend) with gestational age and the mean value of placental thickness almost correspond to the gestational age till 35 weeks of the gestational age and fall marginally from 36 weeks. Placental thickness showed positive and significant correlation with gestational age (P-value<0.001) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) of 0.990. Conclusions: Placental thickness can be an additional parameter for estimation of the gestational age as it almost corresponds with the gestational age in second and third trimesters. Also, any abnormal placental thickness for the particular gestational age shoul...

Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that arises from neural crest cells. Adult adrenal neuroblastoma is a rare disease, and less than 100 cases were reported in the literature. Adult neuroblastoma commonly presents with abdominal (retroperitoneal) lump and pain. A 35-year-old male patient presented with a giant ( 20   cm × 17   cm × 12   cm ) nonfunctional left adrenal mass. He underwent en-bloc surgical excision of the left adrenal gland along with the left kidney. Histopathological examination revealed adrenal neuroblastoma (stage 2B, L2). We present here the surgical management of the rare adult adrenal neuroblastoma.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic is grappling the world with the surge of infection time and again. Clinicians are trying to justify the ethics of public health care. Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are going undocumented and most of them practice self-isolation. Studies have revealed significant radiological changes among RT-PCR positive asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to characterized chest CT findings of asymptomatic RT-PCR-positive patients in one of the COVID-designated hospitals in Nepal.  Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study where RT-PCR positive COVID-19 asymptomatic-close-contacts were subjected to HRCT chest. The HRCT images were evaluated by two radiologists for (a) characterizing the parenchymal involvement and (b) distribution of the involvement. The CT severity score (0-25) was calculated following the semi- quantitative scoring system which depends on the visual assessment of five lung lobes.  Results: Out of 43, 26 (60.5%) participants had positive Chest CT scan findings consistent with COVID pneumonia. Bilateral lesions were present in 65% and 77% had multifocal lesions. The ground-glass opacities (92%), mixed (ground-glass opacities and consolidation pattern) (30.7%), and consolidation only (34.6%) were common chest CT findings. The median CT score was 3.5 (IQR; 2-6).   Conclusion: Most of the RT-PCR positive COVID-19 asymptomatic patients had CT scan changes in lungs but with lower median CT score value.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic is grappling the world with the surge of infection time and again. Clinicians are trying to justify the ethics of public health care. Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are going undocumented and most of them practice self-isolation. Studies have revealed significant radiological changes among RT-PCR positive asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to characterized chest CT findings of asymptomatic RT-PCR-positive patients in one of the COVID designated hospitals in Nepal. Results: Out of 43, 26 (60.5%) participants had positive Chest CT scan findings consistent with COVID pneumonia. 65% had bilateral and 77% had multifocal lesions. The ground-glass opacities (92%), mixed (ground-glass opacities and consolidation) pattern (30.7%), and consolidation only (34.6%) were common chest CT findings. The median CT score was 3.5 (Interquartile range; 2-6). Conclusion: The majority of the RT-PCR positive asymptomatic patient present with CT scan changes of lungs which are important to determine clinical status, prognosis, and long-term sequel in those cohorts.

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