The present study was conducted to study genetic variability and association among agronomic characters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes. The field experiment was conducted using ten genotypes at College of Agricultural Sciences (CAS) of International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the Rabi season (November 2020 to March 2021). Treatments were using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences among the tested genotypes were observed. The results obtained revealed that the mean squares of the genotypes (G6) were best for 50% flowering (50.38), days to maturity (122.08) and fresh pod shelling percentage (65.29%). Genotype (G2) had highest plant height (142.08 cm), pods plant-1(39.96) and seed yield plant-1 (52.04 gm). G9 had maximum 100-seed fresh (43.90 gm) and dry (21.29 gm) weight. Genotype (G5) had best primary branches plant-1 whereas G8 had maximum pod length (8.86 cm) and seeds pod-1 (6.26). The estimates of heritability and genetic advance were high for days to 50% flowering (0.99, 35.38%), plant height (0.95, 46.88%) and seed yield plant-1 (0.97, 62.47%). High heritability with moderate genetic advance were observed for days to maturity (0.97, 20.20%), pod length (0.95, 15.37%) fresh pod shelling percentage (0.82, 21.58%), 100-seed fresh (0.90, 29.52%) and dry weight (0.93, 22.68%). Significant and positive phenotypic coefficient of correlation was exhibited by seed yield plant-1 with plant height (rp = 0.64), days to 50% flowering (rp= 0.63), days to maturity (rp = 0.78), pods plant-1 (rp = 0.72), pod length (rp = 0.66), fresh pod shelling percentage (rp = 0.64), 100-seed fresh weight (rp = 0.65) and 100-seed dry weight (rp = 0.62). Significant and positive genotypic coefficient of correlation was exhibited by seed yield plant-1 with plant height (rg= 0.81), days to maturity (rg= 0.70) and pods plant-1 (rg= 0.84). Among tested genotypes G6, G2, G9 and G5 performed better, therefore could be used in future breeding programs. These traits best contributing to yield variation that emphasis by breeders for future yield improvement of the crop. It can be conclude that pea yield can be successfully improved by studying genetic variability and its agronomic characters.

An experiment was carried out to measure variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficient for yield and yield related traits in ten Pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes at Tarnab-Peshawar, during cropping season 2016-17. To identify the best genotypes for further breeding these genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All genotypes were grown in 3m long ridges, which were kept 60cm apart where plant to plant distance was 30cm. To reduce experimental error, cultural practices were performed uniformly for all genotypes. Data was collected from ten randomly selected plants from each genotype in each replication. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences were observed for days to 50% flowering, plant height, primary branches plant -1 , days to maturity, pods plant -1 , pod length, fresh pod shelling percentage, 100-seeds fresh and dry weight, seeds pod -1 and seed yield plant -1 . Among genotypes Sultan was best for 50% flowering (50.38), days to maturity (122.08) and fresh pod shelling percentage (65.29%). Genotype PL-4 had maximum plant height (142.08 cm), pods plant -1 (39.96) and seed yield plant -1 (52.04 g). Anmol had maximum 100-seed fresh (43.90 g) and dry (21.29 g) weight. Genotype Sarsabz had maximum primary branches plant -1 whereas Adventa Selection had maximum pod length (8.86 cm) and seeds pod -1 (6.26). The estimates of heritability and genetic advance were high for days to 50% flowering (0.99, 35.38%), plant height (0.95, 46.88%) and seed yield plant -1 (0.97, 62.47%). High heritability with moderate genetic advance were observed for days to maturity (0.97, 20.20%), pod length (0.95, 15.37%) fresh pod shelling percentage (0.82, 21.58%), 100-seed fresh (0.90, 29.52%) and dry weight (0.93, 22.68%). Significant and positive phenotypic coefficient of correlation was exhibited by seed yield plant -1 with plant height (r p = 0.64), days to 50% flowering (r p = 0.63), days to maturity (r p = 0.78), pods plant -1 (r p = 0.72), pod length (r p = 0.66), fresh pod shelling percentage (r p = 0.64), 100-seed fresh weight (r p = 0.65) and 100-seed dry weight (r p = 0.62). Significant and positive genotypic coefficient of correlation was exhibited by seed yield plant -1 with plant height (r g = 0.81), days to maturity (r g = 0.70) and pods plant -1 (r g = 0.84). Among tested genotypes Sultan, PL-4, Anmol and Sarsabz performed better, therefore could be used in future breeding programs.

BACKGROUND: An increased demand for food has mirrored the increasing global population. Obesity and diabetes are two disorders induced by poor eating choices. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop modified foods that can ameliorate such illnesses. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of Waxy genes on the structural and functional properties of starch, with the aim of improving food quality. Wild-type tetraploid wheat was compared with three mutants with different Waxy gene combinations. RESULTS:The proportion of B-type granules was higher in the mutants than in the wild-type (Wx-AB), and there were significant changes in the starch granule size, number, and phenotype in the Wx free mutant (Wx-ab). The lowest branch chain length was observed in Wx-ab, whereas Wx-AB had the highest branch chain length of DP ≥ 37. Wx-ab had the highest degree of crystallinity. The crystallinity trend followed the order Wx-ab>Wx-Ab>Wx-aB>Wx-AB. The amount of slowly digestible starch (SDS) was higher in native, gelatinized, and retrograded starch in the mutant. The amount of retrograded starch was closer to gelatinized starch than to native starch. CONCLUSION: Waxy proteins make a substantial contribution to starch structure. A lack of waxy proteins reduced the unit chains markedly compared with the control. Waxy proteins significantly affected the smaller and longer chains of starch. The lines with differing waxy composition had different effects on food digestion. The Wx-AB in native starch and Wx-Ab in gelatinized starch can control obesity and diabetes by slow-digesting carbohydrates and high resistance to digestion.

The present study was carried out to estimate heritability, genetic variability, correlation and genetic advance among F5 populations of ten genotypes in Brassica species. This study was executed following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during November 2017 to February 2018 at the experimental field of College of Agricultural Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Aim of the research was to evaluate and select the best segregating genotypes for the yield and yield contributing traits towards variety development programs. Analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes were significantly different for all the characters studied. The relative phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied. The high GCV value was observed for the days to 50% flowering (FF), plant height (PH), primary branches per plant (PBP), pod per plant (PP) and seed yield per plant (SYP) that indicated a high broad-sense heritability. A significant positive correlation with seed yield per plant was found in days to 50% flowering (0.578**), the plant height, (0.787**), pod length (PL) (0.406*), seeds per plant (SP) (0.369*), pod per plant (0.697**) and hundred seeds weight (HSW) (0.500**), but significantly negative correlation found in primary branches per plant (-0.046*). The results of path coefficient analysis revealed that days to 50% flowering (0.287), plant height (0.407), pod length  (0.919), seeds per plant (0.033), pod per plant (0.035) and hundred seeds weight (0.795) had a positive direct impact on seed yield per plant and thus it was indicated that these traits could be exploited for the enhancement of yield performance of Brassica species. This study showed that based on the agronomic performance execution, genotypes G2, G5, G6 and G8 might be proposed for future hybridization programs in Bangladesh followed by variety development activities.