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Background and objectives: Teenage pregnancy itself is a risk factor for preterm birth in general. However, risk factors for preterm birth comparing teenage mothers who have preterm and no preterm birth are unaware. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for preterm birth and outcomes of pregnancy among teenage mothers. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study of all singleton teenage pregnancy cases giving birth from January 2014 to December 2015 at Khon Kaen Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Thailand, was conducted. Data on the characteristics of teenage mothers and outcomes of pregnancy were extracted from electronic files of medical records. Teenage mothers were classified into two groups according to gestational age at the time of delivery: term and preterm, to identify risk factors of preterm birth among teenage mothers. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate independent risk factors for preterm births among teenage mothers. Results: During the study period, 1042 teenage mothers were identified. The preterm birth rate among teenage mothers was 16.8%. BMI before pregnancy <18.5 kg/m 2 (

Objective: To assess the efcacy of immersion hands and feet in warm water for reduce perineal pain after vaginal delivery. Materials and Methods: Postpartum sixty women after vaginal delivery with second degree perineal tear at Khon Kaen hospital from December 2018 to March 2019 were randomized into two groups, the study group received immersion hands and feet in warm water at 6 hours postpartum for ten minutes and standard postpartum care. The control group received only standard postpartum care. The primary outcome was decrease of perineal pain at 6 hours postpartum that measured by visual analogue score (VAS 0 - 100) and secondary outcomes were pulse rate and additional analgesic drug used. Results: After immersion hands and feet in warm water the mean differences of perineal pain measured by VAS score at 6 hours postpartum was signicantly lower in the study group compared with control group (12.2±7.18 vs 3±4.20, p<0.001). Moreover, Pulse rate and additional analgesic drug used within 24 hours were lower in the study group but no statistically signicance. Conclusion: Ten minutes immersion hands and feet in warm water can reduce perineal pain at 6 hours postpartum