Objective: The present study was conducted with an objective to identify the etiology of non-traumatic myelopathies of both compressive and non-compressive types with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: This retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with a clinical diagnosis of non-traumatic myelopathy belonging to the age group of 15–75 years from August 2018 to July 2020 in the Departments of General Medicine and Radiodiagnosis of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha. Detailed history, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations, and findings of MRI spine and brain were compiled. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among 100 patients of non-traumatic myelopathy, 65 patients presented with compressive myelopathy and 35 patients with non-compressive myelopathy where 56 patients presented with paraparesis and 44 with quadriparesis. Pott’s spine (n=25, 38.46%) and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) (n=24, 68.57%) were the most common etiologies found in compressive and non-compressive groups, respectively. Conclusion: Pott’s Spine, spondylotic myelopathy, and ATM were the most common etiologies of non-traumatic myelopathy. MRI has proven to be the ultimate imaging modality for their etiological evaluation.

Introduction: A large number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients are taking combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) worldwide as it has led to dramatic improvements in them with a decreased viral load as well as an increase in Cluster of Differentiation (CD4+) T cell count. Though the incidence of HIV associated Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has decreased with the use of effective cART, the prevalence of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in HIV positive patients has increased due to the risen longevity owing to them. Aim: To study the renal function abnormalities in HIV infected patients and to compare the change in renal function of treatment naïve patients with patients on triple drug regimen (cART). Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted on 54 Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) positive HIV patients belonging to the age group of 18-70 years of both the genders over a period of two years from August 2017 to September 2019 in MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. Forty nine HIV infected patients naive to cART and five patients on cART for a minimum period of three months were included in this study. All patients were treated with triple therapy regimens of either ZLN (Zidovudine 300 mg+Lamivudine 150 mg+Nevirapine 200 mg) or TLE (Tenofovir 300 mg+Lamivudine 150+Efavirenz 600 mg) daily; in a single dose at bed time. Renal function parameters like serum urea, serum creatinine, Creatinine Clearance (CrCl), estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and CD4+ T cell count of treatment naive patients were compared with the same patients on cART after six months duration. GFR was calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows Version 17.0. Results: Out of 54 patients, 53.7% (n=29) were males and 46.3% (n=25) were females. The mean CrCl of HIV positive patients on cART (79.09±25.705 mL/min) was higher than treatment naive (69.65±25.506 mL/min) patients and was highly significant (p-value=0.003). The mean eGFR of HIV positive patients on cART (102.711±26.9424 mL/min/1.73 m2) was higher than treatment naïve (90.189±28.2575 mL/min/1.73 m2) patients and was highly significant (p-value=0.003). The mean serum urea of HIV positive patients on cART (25.78± 4.721 mg/dL) was lower than HIV positive treatment naïve (26.19±4.742 mg/dL) patients but was non-significant (p-value=0.640). The mean serum creatinine of HIV positive patients on cART (0.815±0.1393 mg/dL) was lower than HIV positive treatment naïve patients (0.906±0.1687 mg/dL) and was also highly significant (p-value=0.003). The mean CD4+ T cell count of HIV positive patients on cART (401.63±225.816 cells/μL) was higher than HIV positive treatment naïve (287.13±198.263 cells/μL) patients and was very highly significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: Renal impairment (CrCl <60 mL/min) and eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were higher in HIV positive treatment naive patients than those on cART. Radiological parameters like size of the kidney and cortical echogenicity became normal after six months on cART.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the echocardiographic changes and cardiovascular complications in patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study done in the Departments of General Medicine, Cardiology, and Radiodiagnosis of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. Seventy patients above the age of 65 years with systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg, without any secondary causes of hypertension and antihypertensive drug therapy were selected for this study. Echocardiography and electrocardiography studies were implemented for demonstrating the development of cardiovascular complications. Results: Of 70 cases (41 males and 29 females), 64.3% were asymptomatic and 35.7% were symptomatic, with palpitation being the major symptom, 40% (28 cases) developed retinopathy, 45.71% developed increased left ventricular mass index (p=0.04), 18.57% had increased in LV volume (>90 ml/m2), 30% cases had regional wall motion abnormalities, 27.1% had reduced ejection fraction (<56%), and 52.66% showed LA enlargement in this study (p=0.048). Doppler measurements of diastolic filling were significant in patients with ISH with higher peak atrial velocity (A wave) of 79.71±11.79 cm/s and a lower ratio of peak early to atrial velocity of 0.82±0.29. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that elderly patients with ISH had a prevalence of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) which was found to be more in female patients than in male patients followed by left atrial enlargement.